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FAST HANDOFFS with GPS for MOBILE IP by Mustafa ERGEN

B E R K E L E Y. W. W. O. FAST HANDOFFS with GPS for MOBILE IP by Mustafa ERGEN Authors: Mustafa Ergen, Sinem Coleri, Baris Dundar, Anuj Puri, Pravin Varaiya {ergen,csinem,dundar,anuj,varaiya}@eecs.berkeley.edu Berkeley WOW Group Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

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FAST HANDOFFS with GPS for MOBILE IP by Mustafa ERGEN

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  1. B E R K E L E Y W W O FAST HANDOFFS with GPS for MOBILE IP by Mustafa ERGEN Authors: Mustafa Ergen, Sinem Coleri, Baris Dundar, Anuj Puri, Pravin Varaiya {ergen,csinem,dundar,anuj,varaiya}@eecs.berkeley.edu Berkeley WOW Group Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California Berkeley

  2. Outline • Motivation for Fast Handoff in Mobile IP • Previous Work on Fast Handoff • Location Based Fast Mobile IP Protocol • Protocol Description • Control Messages • Security • Simulation and Implementation • System Extensions • Conclusion

  3. Basic Mobile IP Handoff time Packet New FA Registration_Request Max_Time_One_Beacon_Period Registration_Reply Beacon MH Hand Over Begins New FA Detection Registration Ends Receive Packet Time Diagram of a Hand_off CH HA

  4. Location Based Fast Mobile IP Protocol • Goals of the Protocol: • Support uninterrupted operation of real-time applications • Lower Handoff Delay, less Packet Loss • Decrease messaging burden of fast handoff • Avoid manual configuration for fast handoff • Avoid possible address conflicts

  5. Location Based Fast Mobile IP Protocol Structure of the internet

  6. Location Based Fast Mobile IP Protocol • Intra-domain • Uses geographical information . • Finds adjacent FAs of the current attached FA. • Send the datagram to the adjacent FAs besides current FA. • Reduces handoff time and packet loss. • Inter-domain • Gives HA functionality to a DFA “Local Home Agent (LHA)”. • Does not bother HA for movements within a geographical radius . • Reduces handoff time and control messaging. • Distribute HA database dynamically.

  7. Intra-Domain Handoff Example Soda Hall 3rd Floor

  8. Intra-Domain Handoff DFA • Takes packet from HA or CH. • Decapsulates packet and checks its visitor list. • Sends the packet to the related branches according to Location FA table. FA • If it is current FA, send the packet to MN. • Else If it is an adjacent FA, buffer the packets. • Else send the packet to the related branches according to Location FA table. HA CH Internet DFA FA FA FA MH

  9. HA DFA DFA DFA FA FA FA FA FA FA MH MH Inter-Domain Handoff • Fast Inter-domain handoff necessary due to • Increase in the battery power of laptop computers • Tiling of the world into small wireless cells Current inter-domain handoff compared to our system

  10. HA DFA DFA DFA FA FA FA FA FA FA MH MH Inter-Domain Handoff • Procedure of Inter-domain handoff in Basic Mobile IP: • MH sends registration request to a FA in a new domain • FA sends request to DFA • DFA sends request to HA • HA sends registration reply to MH • Disadvantage of Basic Mobile IP: • Delay and packet loss due to wasteful trip of registration messages Current inter-domain handoff compared to our system

  11. HA DFA DFA DFA FA FA FA FA FA FA MH MH Inter-Domain Handoff • Procedure of Fast Inter-domain handoff: • MH sends registration request to a FA in a new domain • FA sends request to DFA • DFA sends request to HA or local home agent • HA or local home agent sends registration reply to MH • Advantage of Fast Inter-Domain Handoff: • Decrease in delay and packet loss due to registration Current inter-domain handoff compared to our system

  12. Inter-Domain Handoff  Angle d1: Distance between LHA (DFA) and HA d2: Distance between LHA and Current DFA R : Movement range without changing LHA • How do we decide whether to register to a local home agent or HA ? • Register to old LHA instead of HAas long as DFA of MH is inside the circle

  13. TYPE HOME ADDRESS LIFETIME TARGETED DOMAIN FOREIGN AGENT ADDRESS CARE OF ADDRESS IDENTIFICATION LOCAL HOME AGENT IP ADDRESS LOCAL HOME AGENT GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATTON HOME AGENT GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OTHER EXTENSIONS…… Messaging: Registration Messages TYPE CODE LIFETIME HOME ADDRESS TARGETED DOMAIN FOREIGN AGENT ADDRESS IDENTIFICATION LOCAL HOME AGENT IP ADDRESS LOCAL HOME AGENT GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION OTHER EXTENSIONS Registration Reply Format Registration Request Format

  14. Messaging: Location Advertisement Messages • Aim: • Eliminate manual configuration • Distribute the location of each FA to other FAs inside domain • Content: • Location and CoA of the FA that it originates • Procedure: • Every FA advertises its CoA and position to its neighbors • Every router sends the incoming LAM to its neighbors

  15. Security • Uses security features of current Mobile IP(IPSec etc…) • Requires security association between DFAs • New FA delivers buffered datagram to MH only after finishing secure registration

  16. DFA FA FA MH MH Simulation: Intra-Domain Handoff Intra- Domain Handoff Scenario • Packet audio source • Packet inter-arrival time: 20ms • Average packet size: 200bytes • Constant traffic to MH

  17. Simulation: Intra-Domain Handoff Link: 2 Mbps, 4ms Handoff Time = Discovery Time + Registration Time Maximum Discovery Time = Beacon Period

  18. Simulation: Intra-Domain Handoff • Link: 2 Mbps, 4ms • 5 Mobile Node • Buffer Size 10 Human ear can tolerate approximately 200 ms delay at maximum *We achieved 141ms max inter-arrival time*

  19. HA DFA DFA DFA FA FA FA FA FA FA MH MH Simulation: Inter-Domain Handoff Inter- Domain Handoff Scenario Distance α Number of nodes in between Delay

  20. Simulation: Inter-Domain Handoff  = arcsin 1/5

  21. Implementation: Intra-Domain Handoff • HA Software • Two threads • Registration protocol • Listens for UDP registration requests • Updates Binding Table upon request • Tunneling Protocol • Listens to traffic in home network • Sends packets for MH to its current CoA

  22. Implementation: Intra-Domain Handoff • DFA, FA Software • Process 1: Agent Advertisement Protocol • Sends out agent advertisements periodically • Process 2 • Thread1: Registration Protocol • Updates Binding Table upon registration • Sends all buffered packets if any • Thread 2: Tunneling Protocol • Sends packets to handoff targets • Buffers incoming packets if adjacent FA

  23. Implementation: Intra-Domain Handoff • MH Software • Thread1: Listening thread • Listens for MAC layer packets to get the source address and sequence number of last packet • Thread 2: Registration Protocol • Listens for agent advertisement messages • Registers to new FA

  24. Implementation: Intra-Domain Handoff • Basic Mobile IP • Unrecoverable throughput decrease during handoff • Longer handoff period • Our Fast MIP scheme • Decrease in throughput compensated by sending the packets missed during handoff • Shorter handoff period

  25. Implementation: Intra-Domain Handoff • Basic Mobile IP • Number of lost packets is constant for the same sending rate • No buffer used • Number of lost packets increases as sending rate increases • Our Fast MIP scheme • Packet loss can be eliminated by choosing enough buffer size. • Required buffer size increases as sending rate increases

  26. System Extensions • Determining the location of indoor access points (FAs). • GPS support for only outdoor settings • Location support for indoor environments via • Use of infrared signals (Active Badge Location System) • Use of concurrent radio and ultrasonic signals (Cricket)

  27. System Extensions Domain A • Roaming at the boundary of the domain • Introductory message to adjacent DFA with CoA and location • Forwarding of packets to handoff targets by adjacent DFA DFA FA FA FA FA FA FA DFA Domain B

  28. System Extensions FA FA • Avoiding Ping-pong effect • Registration to new access point like a registration update • Packets are already in new FA MH Data Registration time

  29. Conclusion • Goal • QoS for Wireless Real Time Application • Distributing Home Agent Functionality • Intra-domain Handoff • Sends packets to handoff targets • Inter-domain Handoff • Geographical Boundary and Local Home Agent • Messaging • Security • Simulation • Registration time, Packet inter-arrival time • Implementation • Instantaneous throughput, Buffer size • System extensions

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