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# EE 3220: Digital Communication - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

EE 3220: Digital Communication. Lec-5: Optimum Detection. Dr. Hassan Yousif Ahmed Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering at Wadi Aldwasser Slman bin Abdulaziz University. Last time we talked about:. Receiver structure Impact of AWGN and ISI on the transmitted signal

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Presentation Transcript

Lec-5: Optimum Detection

Dr. Hassan Yousif Ahmed

Department of Electrical Engineering

College of Engineering at Wadi Aldwasser

Slman bin Abdulaziz University

Dr Hassan Yousif

• Impact of AWGN and ISI on the transmitted signal

• Optimum filter to maximize SNR

• Matched filter and correlator receiver

• Signal space used for detection

• Orthogonal N-dimensional space

• Signal to waveform transformation and vice versa

Dr Hassan Yousif

• Signal detection in AWGN channels

• Minimum distance detector

• Maximum likelihood

• Average probability of symbol error

• Union bound on error probability

• Upper bound on error probability based on the minimum distance

Dr Hassan Yousif

• Detection problem:

• Given the observation vector , perform a mapping from to an estimate of the transmitted symbol, , such that the average probability of error in the decision is minimized.

Modulator

Decision rule

Dr Hassan Yousif

• AWGN channel model:

• Signal vector is deterministic.

• Elements of noise vector are i.i.d Gaussian random variables with zero-mean and variance . The noise vector pdf is

• The elements of observed vector are independent Gaussian random variables. Its pdf is

Dr Hassan Yousif

• Optimum decision rule (maximum a posteriori probability):

• Applying Bayes’ rule gives:

Dr Hassan Yousif

• Partition the signal space into M decision regions, such that

Dr Hassan Yousif

• For equal probable symbols, the optimum decision rule (maximum posteriori probability) is simplified to:

or equivalently:

which is known as maximum likelihood.

Dr Hassan Yousif

• Partition the signal space into M decision regions, .

• Restate the maximum likelihood decision rule as follows:

Dr Hassan Yousif

• It can be simplified to:

or equivalently:

Dr Hassan Yousif

Choose

the largest

Dr Hassan Yousif

Dr Hassan Yousif

• Erroneous decision: For the transmitted symbol or equivalently signal vector , an error in decision occurs if the observation vector does not fall inside region .

• Probability of erroneous decision for a transmitted symbol

or equivalently

• Probability of correct decision for a transmitted symbol

Dr Hassan Yousif

• Average probability of symbol error :

• For equally probable symbols:

Dr Hassan Yousif

0

Dr Hassan Yousif

Union bound

The probability of a finite union of events is upper bounded

by the sum of the probabilities of the individual events.

• Let denote that the observation vector is closer to the symbol vector than , when is transmitted.

• depends only on and .

• Applying Union bounds yields

Dr Hassan Yousif

Union bound:

Dr Hassan Yousif

Minimum distance in the signal space:

Dr Hassan Yousif

Dr Hassan Yousif

: Bit rate union bound

: Bandwidth

Eb/No figure of merit in digital communications

• SNR or S/N is the average signal power to the average noise power. SNR should be modified in terms of bit-energy in DCS, because:

• Signals are transmitted within a symbol duration and hence, are energy signal (zero power).

• A merit at bit-level facilitates comparison of different DCSs transmitting different number of bits per symbol.

Dr Hassan Yousif

Binary PAM union bound

0

4-ary PAM

0

0

T

t

Example of Symbol error prob. For PAM signals

Dr Hassan Yousif