Potential for Private – Public Engagement for the Uganda One Health Platform

1. Potential for Private – Public Engagement for the Uganda One Health Platform May 16, 2017

2. Macroeconomic Costs Outbreaks, Epidemics, Pandemics

3. Macroeconomic Costs of Recent Epidemics • Past epidemics had significant economic impacts and the next outbreak is around the corner • High costs to private sector • Increased labor costs • Decreased productivity • Increased input costs Adaped from: Marsh, n.d. The Economic and Social Impact of Emerging Infectious Disease: Mitigation through Detection, Research, and Response, s.l.: s.n.

4. Ebola Snapshot: West Africa outbreak - more deaths than all others combined • Inadequate health systems • Little or no surveillance activities • Slow response by international community • Stigma • Resistance to reporting • Burial practices Cases: 28,646. Deaths (human): + 11,323 Industries affected: Mining, oil & gas, tourism, transport • Transmission risk:primates, bats, etc. → humans (rare, but deadly) • humans → humans (high, deadly) The Economist, 2016. Ebola in Africa: the end of a tragedy?. http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2016/01/daily-chart-12

5. Macroeconomic Impacts of Ebola Combined GDP Losses (2014 & 2015): $2.8 billion Liberia Est. Loss in GDP: $300 million 2015 Fiscal Deficit: 8.5% of GDP 2014 Rubber Exports: Down 20% Guinea Est. Loss in GDP: $600 million 2015 Fiscal Deficit: 9.4% of GDP 2014 Coffee Production: Down 50% 2014 Cocoa Production: Down 33% 2014 Palm Oil Production: Down 75% Sierra Leone Est. Loss in GDP: $1.9 billion 2015 Fiscal Deficit: 4.8% of GDP • 2015 Diamond Exports: Down 30% • 2014 Cocoa Production: Down 39% Source: World Bank Group Source: World Bank Group Source: World Bank Group

6. Outbreak Effects on Business operations

9. Types of Private Sector Engagement

10. Private-Public Collaboration Greater Private Sector Contributors- International and domestic private sector companies that become involved due to larger corporate social responsibilities or due to the drive of the leader Expert Capability Companies – expert skills to address unique health care and health systems needs during an epidemic In-Country Operators – presence, knowledge of the local context, and motivation for business continuity

11. What mining companies did in Guinea • Coordinated with NGOs such as the Guinea Red Cross to assist with • the distribution of supplies rice and sanitation kits (buckets, soap, and chlorine tablets) • Sensitization campaigns • Upgrading of health care facilities • Training of health care workers • One company committed over $3 million toward Ebola countermeasures in the country, including donations of 20 Toyota Land Cruisers to the World Food Program, provision of diesel to the Guinea national radio station to continue to broadcast messages on Ebola, support for the renovation of an airstrip to allow UN logistics planes to land supplies, and medicines and other medical supplies to the Clinic Amboise Parry in Conakry. • Other companies funded Doctors Without Borders to remove dead bodies and worked with a local NGO (Tankiso) to sensitize communities on hand washing, feet washing, culturally appropriate risk mitigation measures, and screening.

12. What companies did in Ghana and Nigeria • Ghana, companies did more at the local than at the national level • Worked closely with local health communities and international and national NGO’s in sensitizing communities to the impacts of Ebola and how best to prepare for potential impacts. • Partnered with a European agency to hold a public – private – donor - NGO forum on the impacts of Ebola. • worked through NGO’s to invest in infrastructure improvements to the local health facilities. • Worked closely with fishing communities in the Western Region of Ghana, using their community staff to inform fishermen of the risks involved sailing down the coastal regions of Sierra Leone and Liberia. • In Nigeria, some companies mounted educational campaigns in their local communities, while others supported NGOs in conducting Ebola-related outreach. Some conducted educational campaigns through the clinics or community health centers that they supported.

13. Public Sector Engagement • In Guinea, companies worked most closely with local Ministry of Health offices. They were in regular contact, sponsored infection control trainings at clinics. one company reported that it viewed government officials as taking advantage of the crisis for personal gain. For example, in order to clear stock from the customs yard in Conakry, a national-level customs officials demanded additional cash facilitation payments because he had to deal with alleged increased risk of disease transmission when having to inspect goods coming into the country. • In Ghana, • Oil and gas firms procured sanitation kits, hygiene kits, and medicines for the Ministry of Health (MOH) to distribute. These were stored in a government-owned warehouse in Accra. In the weeks leading to an audit of the Ebola preparedness planning, the warehouse storing the materials the companies donated burned down. After that incident, the oil and gas firms stopped providing financial and equipment donations to the government and refocused their efforts on sensitizing their own staff and tracking staff member’s personal and business travel. • One mining company set up an Ebola Response Team—a collaborative effort with the local MOH office—to provide infection prevention and control as well as psychological support to communities in their area of operations. • In Nigeria, companies • Shared their preparedness programs with the government. • Supported contact tracing efforts. • One company brought consultants to Nigeria to train company and government staff, specifically Immigration and Customs staff, on how to don and doff personal protective equipment and how to do pre-access screening

14. Results of Survey • Extractive industries operating in West Africa are committed to taking an active role in the prevention, preparedness, and response to future large-scale outbreaks and pandemics. Although they recognize that the government should lead any response effort, they would like to have an advisory role. • Companies worked closely with their communities, local and regional governments, and sometimes the national governments • Primary economic and social cost to companies working in Guinea were the costs of acquiring and implementing preparation and response practices onsite and in the local communities, the closure of national borders, which impacted exports, and the disruption caused by the closure of transportation routes to and from the Ebola-affected countries. • Companies were committed to continuing production during the crisis not only to serve their shareholders, but also because they are contributing to the country’s GDP.

15. Private-Public Collaboration - Cameroon • Private-Public Forum • Joint planning for the Africa World Cup Woman’s Football Tournament • Site Reconnaissance • Plan review • Simulation • Future Activities: • Seminar to share information on logistics and planning • Seminar on preparedness and response planning for businesses

16. uganda’s private sector

17. Uganda’s Economy Uganda’s 2015 GDP= $25.61 billion

18. Platform’s primary disease concerns to date: • Marburg • Yellow fever • Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) • Pandemic influenza (H1N1) • West Nile fever • Zika virus • Rabies • Brucellosis • Anthrax • Cysticercosis Brucellosis

19. Likely Private Sector One Health Stakeholders Wildlife - domestic animal - human Wildlife - Human Tourism Oil and Gas • Livestock Production –Dairy Production • Poultry Production

20. Livestock Sector • Livestock production accounts for 7-9% of Uganda’s GDP and 17-19% of the agricultural GDP. • The sector is growing at a rate of 3% per year. • Uganda’s livestock population consists of cattle, chickens, turkey, guinea fowls, ducks, pigeons, geese, and ostriches. • Majority of rural households keep livestock- key for food security and economic livelihood.

21. Subsector: Beef • Cattle population- over 13.5 million (2014), mostly along cattle corridor. • Small scale farmers dominate- only 2% of cattle population is commercially-ranched. • Beef production has been growing at a rate of 5% per year. • Examples of Private Sector Players: • Banuti Ranchers Ltd • Supplies cattle for beef and milk production • 5 ranches in the cattle corridor • Ziwa Ranchers Ltd • Ssembeguya Estates (U) Limited (SEUL)

22. Subsector: Poultry • Poultry population- over 44.5 million (2014) • Most of Uganda’s poultry is kept at the household level/small-scale backyard slaughter • Major Private Sector Players: • Ugachick Poultry Breeders Ltd (Magigye): • Consists of 5 divisions- Feed Mill, Parent Stock Farm, Hatchery, Broiler Farm, Processing Plant, Fish Farm • Biyinzika Poultry International Limited (Kampala): • Produces parent stock for the production of Commercial Broilers and Layers • Owns several large farms, 2 hatcheries

23. Subsector: Dairy Major Private Sector Players: Sameer Agriculture & Livestock Jesa Dairy Farm Pearl Dairy Amos Dairy Paramount Dairy • The dairy industry accounts for 9% of Uganda’s total GDP. • Dairy farming is a major economic activity in northeastern, southwestern, and central Uganda. • National milk production exceeded 1.5 billion liters in 2014.

24. Engagement with Livestock, Dairy, and Poultry Association? • Early warning – surveillance • Guidance and SOP development • Preparedness and response planning • Simulations • Disease specific information campaign

25. Dairy Associations • Uganda Dairy Processors Association (http://dairyuganda.com/) • Mission: To realize excellence in dairy industry and promote progress among UDPA members. • Key Activities: Engaged in policy enhancement (i.e. review/improvement of public-private policy initiatives); building association value; building strategic partnerships; stimulating linkages between research and innovation. • Membership: The Board consist of a Chairman and two members of each of the three categories of processors: Large (>20kLts daily), Medium-Scale, Small-Scale(<8kLts daily). In addition- there are 4 member organizations- Kookee Ent. Ltd, Mama Omulungi, Pearl Dairy Farms, and Birunga Dairy.

26. Livestock Associations • Uganda Meat Producers Cooperative Union Ltd (UMPCU) (http://www.ugandameat.ug/) • Mission: To be the leading producer of quality meat in Uganda and East Africa. • Key Activities: Engaged in livestock production and productivity improvement; institutional development; improving access to finance activities; value addition, marketing, and entrepreneurship development; lobbying and advocacy. • Membership: Umbrella organization composed of 33 Primary Cooperative Societies in the “cattle corridor” with over 2651 individual members, 400 households, and 2 million cattle.

27. Livestock Associations • Uganda Beef Producers Association (UBPA) • Mission: To attract all sectors in the meat industry to participate in the creation of a sustainable and profitable part of Uganda’s economy. • Key Activities: Engaged in advocacy; education and training; development of comprehensive market plan for Uganda; establishing breeding program and livestock register; starting an animal health program with the aim of establishing disease control zones; creating modern abattoir. • Membership: Unknown.

28. Tourism Sector • Tourism is a growing sector and accounts for 9% of Uganda’s GDP, or $1.7 billion. • Tourism employs 6.6% of labor force. • Sector revolves around ecotourism • 12 national parks and 3 active game reserves. • Major Private Sector Players: • Chimpanzee Sanctuary Wildlife Conservation Trust (CSWCT) • Bwindi-Mgahinga Conservation Trust (BMCT) • Rhino Fund Uganda (RFU) • Tour and Travel Agencies • Hotels • Restaurants

29. Engagement with Tourism Associations? • Event-based surveillance • Simulations • Consultation for P & R plans • Information dissemination

30. Tourism Associations • Association of Uganda Tour Operators (AUTO) (www.auto.or.ug) • Mission: Serve the interests of members through advocacy and lobbying on sector issues, train and uphold professional and ethical standards for sustainable tourism development. • Key Activities: Engaged in trade fairs and marketing events; advocacy and lobbying; training • Membership: 193 members, 30 partners, operating for 20 years • Uganda Hotels Owners’ Association (UHOA) (www.ugandahotelsassociation.com) • Mission: To provide superb standard of accommodation, facilities and services to both domestic and international tourists. • Key Activities: Engaged in lobbying and advocacy; information collection and dissemination; capacity building of hotel staff; collaboration with donor agencies and government. • Membership: Includes almost all of the nation's hotels, lodges and camps among its members. • The Uganda Association of Travel Agents (TUGATA) (https://www.tugata.com/) • Mission: To superintend over travel agents, promoting ethical practices and member interests with all industry stakeholders. • Key Activities: Engaged in trainings; networking; facilitation of Tourist Agent License. • Membership: Over 100 members.

31. Tourism Associations • Uganda Safari Guides Association (USAGA) (http://www.ugasaf.org/) • Mission: To empower members with skills and knowledge through trainings to become professional safari guides to contribute to sustainable tourism development and advocate for a better working environment with the stakeholders especially UTA members and other government agencies. • Key Activities: Conducts trainings; learning and exchange programs; runs USAGA Resource Centre. • Membership: Umbrella association of all tourist guides and guides' clubs in Uganda. It is the only tourist guides’ association officially recognized by the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Heritage in Uganda. • Uganda Tourism Association (UTA) (http://ugandatourismassociation.org) • Mission: To be a vibrant and diverse single tourism private sector umbrella association in Uganda. • Key Activities: Engages in lobbying and advocacy; marketing; training and capacity building; research. • Membership: Brings together all tourism trade associations in Uganda (5 members). • Uganda Community Tourism Association (UCOTA) (http://ucota.or.ug/) • Mission: To spearhead sustainable Community Based Tourism in collaboration with stakeholders in a bid to enhance community benefits, promoting quality standards, ownership and conservation of natural and cultural resources for better livelihoods. • Key Activities: Engages in capacity building; marketing; advocacy; networking; conservation; resource mobilization. • Membership: 70 members (groups).

32. Extractives Sector: Oil and Gas • Uganda has potentially lucrative and commercially exploitable reserves of oil and gas. • Since 2006, over 111 exploration and appraisal wells have been drilled. • Albertine Graben (sedimentary basin) most prospective area for petroleum in Uganda- also the most biodiverse and resource rich. • Major Private Sector Players: Each acquired a 33.3% interest in designated Lake Albert Exploration Areas in 2012. • Tullow Oil Uganda • Total Oil of France • Chinese National Offshore Oil Company (CNOOC) In Nov 2015, Total E&P Uganda donated medical supplies to the Buliisa, Hoima, and Masindi districts to assist in the fight against the cholera epidemic.

33. Engagement with the Oil and Gas and Private Sector Associations? • Simulations/After Act Review • Preparedness and Response Planning/ Business continuity planning • Logistics and risk management support • Input on guidance, SOPs, protocols

34. Oil and Gas Associations • Association of Uganda Oil and Gas Service Providers (AUOGS) • Uganda Chamber of Mines and Petroleum (http://www.ucmp.ug) • Mission: To promote, through the collective action of its members, the growth and development of Uganda's mining and petroleum industries, for the benefit of all Ugandans and investors. • Key Activities: Coordinates and facilitates information and administrative support to prospective and current investors; represents crucial mining and petroleum industry issues to the Government and other relevant bodies on behalf of members. • Membership: Unknown.

35. Information & Communication Technology Sector • ICT contributes to 3.1% of the GDP. • Over 36 operators providing infrastructure, voice, and data services. • Over 16.9 mobile phone users, 3.6 million internet subscribers, and 14.2 mobile money subscribers (2013). • Major Private Sector Players: • MTN Uganda • AirTel • Uganda Telecom • Africell Uganda • Smile Telecom In 2014, Airtel provided 150 mobile phones (loaded with SIM cards, data, minutes) to Uganda Ministry of Health for distribution to health centers in districts at risk for Ebola transmission.

36. ICT Associations • Uganda ICT Association (http://ictau.ug/) • Mission: To create an effective network between all practitioners, researchers, policy makers, government and industry to facilitate cross-disciplinary collaboration in development informatics in Uganda. • Key Activities: Information sharing platform; networking. • Membership: Unknown.

37. Private Sector Associations • Uganda Manufacturers Association (http://www.uma.or.ug) • Mission: To promote and protect the interests of industrialists and manufacturers in Uganda. • Key Activities: Provides trainings; conducts trade missions and trade fair exhibitions; disseminates publications; facilitates business linkages; policy advocacy. • Membership: Represents the industrial and commercial sectors with over 700 active members drawn from small, medium and large private commercial and public sectors in Uganda.

38. Private Sector Associations (continued) • Federation of Uganda Employers (http://www.fuemployers.org) • Mission: To enhance employers’ competitiveness through policy advocacy, fostering best employment relations and provision of business development services. • Key Activities: employment relations conferences; promo workshops; publicity; networking opportunities. • Membership: Unknown. • Uganda Private Sector Alliance

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