1 / 31

Chapter 20 – 1492-1800

Chapter 20 – 1492-1800. The Atlantic World. Section 1 Spain Builds an American Empire. Columbus. 1492 – Columbus’s goal was to reach Asia by sailing west. Failed to reach Asia, landed instead on an island in the Caribbean (probably the Bahamas)

kennan
Download Presentation

Chapter 20 – 1492-1800

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 20 – 1492-1800 The Atlantic World

  2. Section 1Spain Builds an American Empire

  3. Columbus • 1492– Columbus’s goal was to reach Asiaby sailing west. • Failed to reach Asia, landed instead on an islandin the Caribbean (probably the Bahamas) • Looking for gold, he moved from island to island, claiming each for Spain (colonies) • Others would quickly follow, each claiming the land in the name of their European country

  4. Spanish Conquest (Mexico) • 1519– Hernando Corteslands in Mexico in search of gold. With the Aztecsin the way, Cortes will destroy their civilization. • Montezuma, leader of the Aztecs, gave him a tribute of gold but it only made him want more. • Reasons the Spanish success: • Superior weapons • Aztec opposing tribesjoined the Spanish • DISEASE– never having been exposed meant the natives had no immunities

  5. Spanish Influence • American colonies made Spain the wealthiest of the European nations in the 1500s • Led to a stronger army/navy • As they grew, they sought to expand their colonies into the southwestern US region • 1513 – Ponce de Leon claims Florida • 1541 – Colonized Arizona to Texas • Lacked significant gold so they sent mostly priests seeking converts

  6. Peruvian Conquests • Francisco Pizzaro, of Spain, conquered the IncanEmpire in 1532 • 200 men met and kidnapped Incan Emperor Atahualpa • Ransomedfor gold and silver • KilledAtahualpa after receiving the ransom • By 1600, Spain had created a vast empire from Mexico south.

  7. Encomienda • system used by the Spanishto create a labor force • Gave the owner of the land the rightto enslave nativepeople. • The Spanish landowner would be responsible for converting the native to Christianityand having them learn Spanish • This helped the Spanish colonies by creating a cheaplaborsource that will function the same way slavery does later.

  8. Brazilian Conquest • Outside of Spanish control, Brazil was colonized by Portugal • Settled almost entirely on the coast. • Since there was no gold/silverto be found, they used the land for sugarplantations

  9. Video: Crash CourseColumbus, De Gama, and Zheng He WRITE THIS AT THE TOP: Video Notes Video 1: European Explorers 5 facts that were NOT in the notes

  10. Section 2European Nations Settle North America

  11. Competing Claims • Frenchexplorers were initially looking for a quickerroute to the PacificOcean • Not finding one, they claimedthe lands in the NEUS/Canadian Region • Cartier/Champlain’s expeditions created Montreal and Quebec • Started in EasternCanada and then expanded down the Mississippi(became known as New France/Louisiana) • French profited off the furtrade, no permanentsettlements.

  12. English Arrival • 1607– three ships carrying 100 English settlers found Jamestown • Disastrous– lacked resources (70%die from disease, hunger, or fighting in the first few years) • Tobaccochanged that • In 1620, the Pilgrims, seeking religious freedom, create Plymouth • Puritanswill create a colony near MassachusettsBay

  13. New Netherland • 1609 – Henry Hudson(working for the Dutch), discovers the HudsonBay, River, and Strait • The Dutch used these waterways to establish portsfor trading. The region became known as New Netherland • Profited most off the furtrade with the Iroquois • In an attempt to increase its population, they encouraged a variety of Europeans

  14. Fight for North America • New Amsterdam, owned by the Dutch, dividedthe Northern and Southern English colonies • England sends the Duke of Yorkto take it over in 1664. Dutch surrenderimmediately. • Renamed New York • In 1754, Franceand England battled in the Frenchand IndianWar. In 1763, Francelost and surrendered all of it’s North American holdings to England

  15. The Caribbean • The Caribbean was settled by variousEuropean nations (France, England, Netherlands, and Spain) • Most colonies were built on cottonand sugarproduction. While very profitable, they required a large laborsupply (this will eventually lead to slaves being brought in)

  16. Native American Interaction • The Frenchand Dutchwere cooperative because the Native Americans knew how to trapanimals • The Englishhad a much more tense relationship because of religionand landrights • Puritans thought the “heathens” were “agents of the devil” • The 1600swere filled with fighting between colonialsand Native Americans that killed hundreds on both sides • More destructive than warfare were the diseasesbrought by the Europeans

  17. Video: Crash CourseThe Seven Years War Video 2: The Seven Years War 5 facts that were NOT in the notes

  18. Section 3The Atlantic Slave Trade

  19. Causes of African Slavery • As natives died by the millions in the Americas, Europeans looked for a new source of labor • Africa had a history of slavery going back for centuries in Africa and Muslim societies • Difference: they used captives from war and they had some chance to move up. In the Americas, it is for life, based on race, and hereditary • Africans made better workers in the Americas • Already exposed to most diseases • Experienced farmers • Less likely to escape because they didn’t know the land • Race made them stand out among Europeans/natives

  20. Atlantic Slave Trade • The practice became so widespread that the term, Atlantic slave trade, referred to the transfer of Africans straight to the Americas • In total, Europeans brought nearly 10 millionAfricans to the Americas as slaves • The slave trade originated with the Spanishand the Portuguesein the Caribbean and Brazil (40%of slaves in the 1600s went to Brazil)

  21. Spread of Slavery • As the English colonies expanded, so did their need for slave labor • African rulers/merchants participated in the slave trade by using captured Africans • When rulers failed to cooperate, merchants would simply find a way around them.

  22. Triangular Trade • Refers to the trade route between Europe, Africa, and the Americas • From Americas: cotton, tobacco, rum, sugar, molasses • From Europe: Manufacturedgoods/guns • From Africa: Slavesand gold • The part of the trade network that brought slaves specifically became known as the middle passage. • Became known for its cruelty and mistreatment of enslaved Africans • 20% (est.) died en route.

  23. American Slavery • After arriving, slaves were usually auctionedoff • Used to work in mines, fields, or as house servants • Typically it was indefiniteand hereditary • To cope, Africans developed their own customs • Musicaltraditions and storiesof the ancestors • Occasionally, they would resist • Broke tools, uprooted plants, worked slow, ran away • Uprisings will slowly grow beginning as early as 1522 and lasting through the 1800s

  24. Consequences of Slavery • African Effects • Lost generations of the fittest • Tore apart families • Introduced gunsto Africa • American Effects • Kept the colonies“alive” by providing cheaplaborand expertise • Brought culture(art, music, religion, and food) • Still has a major impact on the ethnicmakeup of the US, Brazil, and Caribbeannations

  25. Video: Crash CourseThe Atlantic Slave Trade Video 3: The Atlantic Slave Trade 5 facts that were NOT in the notes

  26. Section 4The Columbian Exhange and Global Trade

  27. Columbian Exchange • Refers to the global transfer of foods, plants, and animalsduring the age of colonization • From the Americas: • Crops like tomatoes, tobacco, potatoes, and corn • From Europe: • Livestockand diseases

  28. Global Trade • New wealth significantly changed the economic cultureof the world • Capitalism was born – based on private ownership and the desire for profit • The sudden increase in money brought staggering inflation with it • Inflation is the dramatic risein prices

  29. Joint-Stock Companies • A new way of doing business emerged. • Known as a joint-stock company, they operated by selling shares of a company where investors have a common goal • Goal in the 16-17th centuries: colonize! • Benefit: reduced the weight of the investment which was very risky to begin with

  30. Mercantilism • Refers to an economic policy that says that the strongestnation is the wealthiestnation • Two ways to do this: • Get all the gold/silveryou can • Establish a favorablebalance of trade • Sellmore than you buy(ultimately become self-sufficient)

  31. Video: Crash CourseThe Columbian Exchange Video 4: The Columbian Exchange 5 facts that were NOT in the notes

More Related