The Constitutional Crisis and Settlement in Stuart England

1. The Constitutional Crisis and Settlement in Stuart England By: Jocelyn Thomas, Violet Velazquez, Lorena Mendez, Jacqueline Haupt, and Bridget Haupt

2. James I • James developed sources of income by levying new custom duties known as imposition. • Since days of Elizabeth, puritans within the church of England sought elimination to get rid of and replace the hierarchical Episcopal system of church governance. • James rebuffed the puritans and declared his intentions to maintain and enhance the Anglican episcopacy. • Colonists had believed that reformation could probably go far in England and that only in America they could worship properly and reform church.

3. James I • James's court became a center of scandal and corruption (he was governed by favorites and people who had the most gossip….). • In 1604, he concluded a peace with Spain. • There was wise hesitancy in 1618 to rush English troops to the thirty years war. • In 1624, before James’s death, England went to war against Spain. • The English puritans believed in strict observance of the Sabbath, disapproving any sports, games, or general social conviviality on Sundays.

4. James I • James had thought that these strictures prevented many Roman Catholics from joining the Church of England. • In 1618, he ordered the clergy of the Church of England to read the book of Sports from their pulpits. • In that Declaration , he had permitted people to engage in certain sports and games after church services. • Despite what the King’s intentions were, this had offended the Puritans. Lawful recreation such as dancing, either men or women; archery for men leaping, vaulting, or any other harmless recreation, or from having of Hay games and Morris dancing…-they still had hold on account still as prohibited all as unlawful games

5. James I to be used upon Sundays only. • They had also by law prohibited bowling.

6. Charles I • Charles I , like his father , resorted to extra – parliamentary measures. • Theses included levying new tariffs and duties, attempting to collect discontinued taxes, and subjecting English property owners to so called forced loan (though they were going to get repaid) and imprison those who refused to pay. • Parliament met in 1628, its members would grant new funds only in Charles recognized the Petition of Right. This document required that henceforth there should be no forced loans or taxation without the consent of Parliament, that no freeman should be imprisoned

7. Charles I without due cause, and that troops should not be billeted in private homes. • In order to conserve his limited resources, Charles made peace with France in 1629 and Spain in 1630, again rousing fears that he was too friendly to Roman Catholic powers. • Charles might have ruled indefinitely without Parliament had not his religious policies provoked war with Scotland. • The Scots rebelled, and Charles, with insufficient resources of war, was forced in 1640 to call Parliament.

8. The Long Parliament and Civil War • Parliament abolished the courts that they had enforced royal policy and prohibited the levying of the new taxes without its consent. • Even though the Parliament was separated by religion both moderate Puritans and more extreme Puritans (the independents) wanted to abolish the Book of Common Prayer. Yet both houses of the Parliament were determined to preserve the church of England in its current form. • The Division in the Parliament intensified when Parliament was asked to raise funds for an army to suppress the Rebellion in Scotland.

9. The Long Parliament and Civil War • Many people did not trust Charles with an army and then Suggested that the Parliament should be the Commander in Chief of the English armed forces. • By shock the house of Commons passed a militia Ordinance which gave authority to the Parliament to raise its own army. • Kings supporters were known as the Calvinist.

10. Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic • The alliance with Scotland in 1643 that transformed Parliament to a Presbyterian system of Church government and the organization of the Parliament arm helped the Parliament become victorious. • Oliver and the army were willing to deal with a majority Church; however, only if it Protestant dissenter to worship outside it. • Due to Charles greediness and trying to take advantage of the divided Parliament Oliver and his army foiled him. • Members who ha sympathy for the Monarch were kicked out from the Parliament in December 1648.

11. Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic • The monarchy, the House of Lords, and the Anglican Church were terminated by the Parliament after Charles was executed on January 30, 1649. • England became a Puritan Republic from 1649-1660. • Cromwell’s army slaughtered Scotland and Ireland. • He failed to be a politician when the House of Common’s wanted to disband his expensive army of 50,000 men, he disbanded the Parliament and ruled as a Lord Protector afterwards. • Oliver was hated just as much as Charles. • He was hated for his Puritan prohibitions of drinking,

12. Oliver Cromwell and the Puritan Republic theatergoing, and dancing. • Political liberty disappeared in the name of religious conformity. • The English were soon ready t rebuild the Anglican Church and the Monarchy after Oliver Cromwell died in 1658.

13. Charles II and the Restoration of the Monarchy • Charles II negotiated with the army in order to come back to England. • After 11 years of somber Puritanism he set a new tone. • England returned to the status quo of 1642 with a hereditary monarch, a Parliament of Lords and Commons that only met when the King called. • The King, in secrecy, favored religious toleration. He wanted to let loyal Catholics and Puritans to worship freely. • Ultra-Royalists excluded Roman Catholics, Presbyterians, and Independent from the official religious and political life of laws called the Clarendon Code(1661-1665).

14. Charles II and the Restoration of the Monarchy • The treaty of Dover in 1670 gave England and France the power to ally against the Dutch. • Charles was supposed to announce his conversion to Catholicism as soon as he got the cue from England. • Louis XIV promised to pay Charles a substantial subsidy; however, it was never made.

15. The “Glorious” Revolution • Dominant political power in Muslim world after 1516. • Its population was ethnically diverse, linguistically, and religiously. • Non Islamic persons could practice their own religion and manage their internal community affairs through their own higharchy. • They paid a special toll tax, couldn't serve in the military or wear certain colors. • Higharchies were chosen by who was most loyal.

16. The Age of Walpole • Retained control of eastern Mediterranean and lands bordering it. • Islam's outdistanced Europeans in learning, science, and military prowess. • Ships were designed for difficult waters. • Europeans developed a greater military and naval power and new weapons. • The Ottoman leaders were isolated from the leading Muslim subjects and from Europe. • Failing to develop its own structure, the Ottomans borrowed the Europeans technology and imported their foreign advisors.