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DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, TREATMENTS AND PROCEDURES

DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, TREATMENTS AND PROCEDURES. Digestive System. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures. Abdominal ultrasound

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DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, TREATMENTS AND PROCEDURES

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  1. DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, TREATMENTS AND PROCEDURES Digestive System

  2. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Abdominal ultrasound • High-frequency sound waves to provide visualization of the internal organs of the abdomen (liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, bladder, and ureters) • Abdominocentesis (Paracentesis) • Insertion of a needle or trochar into abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid • Person is in a sitting position

  3. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) • Hepatocellular enzyme released in elevated amounts due to liver dysfunction • Also known as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT)

  4. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) • Enzyme found in highest concentrations in liver, biliary tract, and bone • Amylase • Enzyme secreted normally from pancreatic cells that travels to the duodenum by way of pancreatic duct • Aids in digestion

  5. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Appendectomy • Surgical removal of an inflamed appendix • May be removed via laparoscope if no rupture has occurred

  6. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Barium Enema (BE) • Infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, into the rectum and held in the lower intestinal tract while x-ray films are obtained of the lower GI tract

  7. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Barium Swallow (Upper GI Series) • Involves oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, which flows into the esophagus as the person swallows

  8. Diagnostic Techniques,Treatments, and Procedures • Cheiloplasty • Surgically correcting a defect of the lip • Cholecystectomy • Surgical removal of the gallbladder • Cholecystography (Oral) • Visualization of the gallbladder through x-ray following the oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye

  9. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Colonoscopy • Visualization of the lining of the large intestine using a fiberoptic colonoscope • Colostomy • Surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces will be expelled, by bringing the incised colon out to the abdominal surface • Abdominal-wall anus

  10. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • CT of the abdomen • Painless, noninvasive x-ray procedure • Produces an image created by the computer representing a detailed cross section of the tissue structure within the abdomen • Computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen

  11. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography • Examines the size of and filling of the pancreatic and biliary ducts through direct radiographic visualization with a fiberoptic endoscope

  12. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) • Process of direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a lighted, fiberoptic endoscope • Also known as an upper endoscopy

  13. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) • Alternative treatment for gallstones by using ultrasound to align the computerized lithotripter and source of shock waves with the stones • To crush the gallstones and thus enable the contraction of the gallbladder to remove stone fragments

  14. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Fluoroscopy • Radiological technique used to examine the function of an organ or a body part using a fluoroscope • Gastric analysis • Study of the stomach contents to determine the acid content and to detect the presence of blood, bacteria, bile, and abnormal cells

  15. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Gastric Lavage • Irrigation, or washing out, of the stomach with sterile water or a saline solution

  16. Diagnostic Techniques,Treatments, and Procedures • Herniorrhaphy • Surgical repair of a hernia by closing the defect using sutures, mesh, or wire • Liver biopsy • Piece of liver tissue obtained for examination by inserting a specially designed needle into the liver through the abdominal wall

  17. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Liver scan • Noninvasive scanning technique • Enables visualization of shape, size, and consistency of liver after IV injection of a radioactive compound • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) • Noninvasive scanning procedure that provides visualization of fluid, soft tissue, and bony structures without the use of radiation

  18. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Nasogastric intubation • Placement of a tube through the nose into the stomach • To relieve gastric distension by removing gastric secretions, gas, or food

  19. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC) or (PTHC) • Examination of bile duct structure using a needle to pass directly into an intrahepatic bile duct to inject a contrast medium

  20. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Serum Bilirubin • Measurement of bilirubin level in serum • Serum bilirubin levels are a result of the breakdown of red blood cells • Serum Glutamic-oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) • Enzyme that has very high concentrations in liver cells • Also known as aspartate aminotransferase (AT)

  21. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Small bowel follow-through • Oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate • Flows through the GI system • X-ray films are obtained at timed intervals to observe the progression of the barium through the small intestine

  22. Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Stool analysis for occult blood • Analysis of a stool sample to determine presence of blood not visible to naked eye • Stool culture • Collection of a stool specimen placed on one or more culture mediums • Allowed to grow colonies of microorganisms to identify specific pathogen(s)

  23. Diagnostic Techniques,Treatments, and Procedures • Stool Guaiac • Test on a stool specimen using guaiac as a reagent • Identifies presence of blood in stool • Urinary Bilirubin • Tests for conjugated or direct bilirubin in a urine specimen

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