The United States: New Imperial Power?

1. The United States: New Imperial Power? When did U.S empire start? Westward expansion and “manifest destiny”? The Monroe Doctrine? [1823] Expansion beyond the continent? 1867: Alaska 1875: Hawaii 1899: Philippines, Guam, PR, Cuba

2. The Monroe Doctrine1823 A warning to European powers to stay out of the Western Hemisphere Became the justification for interventions in Central and South America

3. The Americas in the Age of Independence: Key Points • Manifest Destiny: Territorial Expansion • Conflicts with Indigenous Peoples • Constitutional Issues in N.Am.-Civil War, states rights • Constitutional Issues in Latin Am: how to govern, the caudillos • Economic Development in N. America: industrialism, immigration • Economic colonialism and dependency in Latin America.

4. 1895-1941

5. “Greater America” “An American Lake”

6. The Spanish-American War1898-99 U.S. supported anti-colonial efforts against Spain in PR and Cuba 1898 Maine exploded in Havana harbor U.S. defeated Spain and took control of PR, Cuba, Philippines, Guam Teddy Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War

7. Japan: from nearly colonized to colonizer Commodore Matthew Perry sent to Japan 1853 Returned to Japan 1854 Japan signed “unequal treaties” with the U.S., Britain, others 1868 samurai government fell “Revere the emperor, expel the barbarians.” Commodore Matthew Perry

8. A gift from Perry The “Black Ships”

9. The “Meiji Restoration” In thirty years, Japan Industrialized Created a modern military Established a national education system Created a modern infrastructure “Modernized” politics and society “Westernization with anti-Western objectives.”

10. “Enlightened man” “Half-enlightened man” “Unenlightened man”

11. How the Japanese emperor got new clothes… Meiji Emperor, 1860s

12. Meiji Emperor, 1872

13. The Sino-Japanese War1895-96 Japan went to war with China in Korea over influence over Korea Japan won: Unequal treaty with China Taiwan became Japan’s first colony

14. The Russo-Japanese War1904-05 Japan went to war with Russia over Korea and Manchuria Japan won: Influence in Manchuria Korea became Japanese colony The first Asian country to defeat a Western power

15. Asia by 1914….

16. Comparing China and Japan • China was a larger “target” of colonizing efforts • Japan was much smaller and able to unify itself against outside threat • Japan’s emperor became a symbol of modernization; China’s became a symbol of backwardness

17. Anti-colonial nationalism National identity based on opposition to colonial rule “In almost all cases the leaders of [anti-colonial movements] were European-educated elites who absorbed Enlightenment values and then turned those values into an attack on European colonial rule in foreign lands.” TE Gandhi Ho Chi Minh