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Explanation

Explanation. NS1300 Dr. Brad Hoge. Natural Phenomena. Observations of Nature The Need for Explanation Mythology Experience Metaphysics. Ancient Civilizations. Mesopotamia Babylonian Astronomy Egypt India China Mesoamerica Maya Toltec Aztec Astronomy Druid Astronomy

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Explanation

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  1. Explanation NS1300 Dr. Brad Hoge

  2. Natural Phenomena • Observations of Nature • The Need for Explanation • Mythology • Experience • Metaphysics

  3. Ancient Civilizations • Mesopotamia • Babylonian Astronomy • Egypt • India • China • Mesoamerica • Maya • Toltec • Aztec Astronomy • Druid Astronomy • Hindu Astronomy • Tibetan Astronomy

  4. Early Philosophers • Greek Philosophers • The Ontologists (Materialism) • Socrates • Socratic Method • Theory of Forms • Plato • Platonic Realism • Idealism • Aristotle • Empiricism

  5. Eastern Philosophy • Eastern philosophy includes the various philosophies of Asia • Indian philosophy • Chinese philosophy • Iranian philosophy • Japanese philosophy • Korean philosophy • Arab philosophy • Jewish philosophy • Synthesis of Eastern and Western Philosophy

  6. East and Middle East Philosophers • Ibnal-Haytham (Alhacen) • phenomenology and the philosophy of science • Al-Jahiz • evolution and natural selection • Fakhral-Din al-Razi • Inductivism • Al Biruni • early scientific method • Avicenna • early philosophy of science • ShenKuo

  7. Scientific Reasoning • Before the development of modern science, scientific questions were addressed as a part of metaphysics known as "natural philosophy“ • The term "science" itself meant "knowledge" of epistemological origin • The scientific method made natural philosophy an empirical and experimental activity unlike the rest of philosophy • By the end of the eighteenth century it had begun to be called "science" to distinguish it from philosophy

  8. The Enlightenment • Was not a single movement or school of thought • Less a set of ideas than it was a set of values • A critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals • A strong belief in rationality and science.

  9. Philosophy of Science • Descartes • Bacon • Observation, hypothesis, experimentation • Popper • prediction from theory • Falsifiability • Kuhn

  10. Scientific Method • Hypothetico-Deductive Model

  11. Explanation • Logic • Cause and Effect • Levels of Understanding • Tautology • Reductionism

  12. Emergence of Modern Science • Galileo • Newton • Boyle • Darwin • Einstein

  13. The Keys to Science • Falsifiability • Inquiry • Inductive Reasoning • Deductive Reasoning • Controlled Experimentation

  14. Quiz • 1. T or F, Ibn al-Haytham was one of the earliest scientists. • 2. T or F, falsifiability is a key to the scientific method. • 3. T or F, there are more than one way to do science. • 4. T or F, causes always precede effects. • 5. T or F, the scientific method began with Francis Bacon.

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