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Explanation

Explanation. The following slide show was prepared for a year 10 history class as a last lesson and revision of a unit on Russia under the rule of Joseph Stalin.

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Explanation

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  1. Explanation • The following slide show was prepared for a year 10 history class as a last lesson and revision of a unit on Russia under the rule of Joseph Stalin. • As the class was going to be having an exam on this topic I decided that the use of a diverse range of media like video, pictures as well as text to appeal to all learning styles as this would be most effective in helping the students remember the facts and events during their exam. • The text comprises the main part of the presentation, with images and videos complementing it. The videos are similar to what the text and my own narration explained but still interesting enough that it did not become repetitive. The aim of this was appeal to all students of all learning preferences and styles. • Within the lesson the student’s were required to take their own notes from the slide show. I also asked students questions based on the information that I was presenting to indicate if they were following with what was being said as well as helping to get the information imbedded within their minds. • After the lesson I placed the PowerPoint presentation of the school portal (equivalent of the LMS) so that students would be able to access the information at home to help with their study. • I also placed hyperlinks within the slide show that I didn’t access while I was giving the lesson but they were to a website that gives a more detailed explanation. This was an option that if students chose to access this at home they could deepen their understanding by also visiting the website. • This was the first lesson that I have used PowerPoint in a class and I found that using a slide show presentation with the added media of different varieties really worked well and enabled the students to recall the facts within their exam as they all did very well. I also think this approach was much better than a series of handouts and class discussion, as with a slide show on a big screen in front of the class it was harder for the students to disengage with the content. • (I am hoping that the videos that I have embedded and hyperlinked work after I have submitted through Praze, if not to explain they are short 4-5min clips that summarise and repeat what is written in text).

  2. The Reign of Terror The Purges 1933-1938

  3. Recap • Collectivisation • Collective Farming • Kulaks - class enemy • Industrialisation • 5 year Plans • 1928-1932 • 1933-1937 • 1938-1941 • Focus on developing coal, oil, iron ore, steel, lead etc • Set up factories in previously underdeveloped regions • Unrealistic targets for workers

  4. The Reign of Terror • Murder of Sergei Kirov at Communist Party Headquarters in Leningrad • Party boss in Leningrad • Believed more popular than Stalin – 17th Party Congress 1934 • Had been approached by senior members to become leader • Argued with Stalin to gain more rations for poorly fed workers

  5. 1932-1933 Opposition to Stalin • Faced with considerable criticism over his handling of industrialisation and collectivisation (peasantry, who desperately resisted collectivization) • Low living standards & excesses of forced collectivisation • Wife committed suicide, son attempted suicide • Ryutin(Old Bolshevik) • published 200pg document calling for Trotsky to be reinstated • Politburo refused permission for Stalin to have him executed • Did not have total control • Video 1

  6. The Purges Begin • 1933 – Stalin establishes purging commission • Aim to ‘purge’ all undesirables from the Party e.g. drunks, bourgeois and hypocrites - ‘ordinary’ Party members • After Kirov murder moved to senior members e.g. 1 108 out of 1 966 members of 17th Party Congress were arrested.

  7. Political Opponents • 98/139 members of Central Committee were arrested • Of Lenin’s original 7 members only 1 remained – Stalin • Show trials were staged of popular Bolsheviks who were accused of ‘fantastically unbelievable plots’ • Murderers, wreckers, spies, causing train collisions, terrorists, poisoning workers • Also put on trial were those who opposed industrialisation • Purges • Amazingly all confessed to their crimes

  8. NKVD – Secret Police • Commissariat of Internal Affairs (NKVD), headed by Iagoda, a loyal Stalinist and until then chief of the Main Administration of Corrective Labour Camps • Ordered to arrest all ‘traitors’ • Drove around in black cars called ‘ravens’ • People were encourage to report ‘crimes’ of neighbours and colleagues • One women supposedly reported 8000 people • PavlikMorozov – denounced his own parents

  9. The Terror Spread & Secret Police • Claimed that majority of Leningrad was disloyal • 30 000 ordinary citizens sent to work in forced labour camps • Secret Police had files on half the urban population – any excuse was used • Brutal interrogation methods to break resistance – starvation, sleep • Death penalty extended to 12 year olds

  10. Spreading Terror to Citizens • No village, home could escape the terror • Even Stalin’s own family – cousins and in-laws were victims of Terror • Closest advisor was arrested and shot • Anyone could receive knock at the door by secret police and be dragged away in middle of night

  11. Labour Camps – Gulags Were found all around Soviet Union People feared being sent to camps as much as being shot Few survived the harsh conditions

  12. Labour Camps • Set up during collectivisation - deported millions of members of peasant families • Unknown how many people perished in camps – 20% mortality rate • Mass grave sites

  13. Cultural Control Education – Socialist Realism Russification Forceful way imposing Russian culture Russian compulsory in all schools Russians given jobs before all others 1938 replaced Ukrainian Government with ‘loyal Russians’ • Aim of industrialisation • Ensuring communism • Control what people were taught and how to think • Controlled writers • Literature reflected Stalin’s wishes and goals • Novels praised collectivisation

  14. Stalin’s Paranoia Influence of Church Red Army Only potential opponent Army and other forces were purged in 1937 Senior Officials accused of spying Half officers 35 000 were arrested Purges completely depleted armed forces, was poorly prepared when Germany invaded in 1941 • Attacks on Church leaders • By 1939 - 4 out of 163 Bishops remained free • 4000 out of 54 000 churches remained opened

  15. New Constitution of 1936 • Confirmed Stalin’s dictatorial control of USSR • History of USSR re-written • Praised Stalin • Opponents downgraded • Some omitted from Revolutionary years

  16. Totalitarianism and the Effect • All aspects of society had to be controlled • Stalin wanted total control – Totalitarianism • By 1939 Stalin felt secure • Told 18th Party Congress he had type of intelligentsia he wanted

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