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Spread of ISLAM

Spread of ISLAM. Muhammed (571- 632 AD). Early Life: Born in Mecca to powerful family Orphaned at 6 & raised by grandfather & uncle Little schooling- worked in caravan trade At 25 married Khadijah (business woman) Beginning of Revelations: At 40 yrs old he heard a

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Spread of ISLAM

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  1. Spread of ISLAM

  2. Muhammed (571- 632 AD) • Early Life: Born in Mecca to powerful family • Orphaned at 6 & raised by grandfather & uncle • Little schooling- worked in caravan trade • At 25 married Khadijah (business woman) • Beginning of Revelations: • At 40 yrs old he heard a voice while meditating • Believed that the Lord spoke through angel Gabriel • 613 AD preached only One god.

  3. Muhammed Cont’d • Hijirah- • Left Mecca 622 AD because people were hostile to new ideas • Turning Point- many followers • Went to Medina Became political & military leader • Qur’an: • Holy Book written in Arabic.

  4. Beliefs • Only 1 god and his name is Allah • There is good and evil in the world • Each person is responsible for their actions in life • Final Judgment Day- will enter either Heaven or Hell

  5. Values: 5 Pillars of Islam (Duties) • Faith: “There is no god but Allah & Muhammed is his prophet (messenger)” • Prayer: 5 times per day facing Mecca • Almsgiving: money or charity for the poor • One month of fasting: Ramadan- don’t eat or drink from dawn to sunset • One pilgrimage to Mecca: Hajj- once in lifetime if possible

  6. Moral Values (do not separate personal and religious life) • Can not eat pork • Can not drink intoxicating beverages • Community prayer at mosque on Friday afternoons • Worship god or Allah directly

  7. Sources of AuthorityOriginal source: Allah through angel Gabriel to Muhammed • Qur’an: book of revelations/ compiled after his death/ only Arabic is true word • Sunna: Muhammed’s example of how to live life • Shari’a: body of religious law applied to civil & criminal matters. Regulates family life, moral conduct, business & community life. Applies to all Muslims.

  8. Caliphs (successor) • Abu-Bakr- 1st elected Caliph (632 AD- 1st convert of Muhammed) • Controlled Arabia • Umar- 2nd Caliph: • Controlled Syria, Lower Egypt & parts of Persia • Uthman/ Ali: 3rd & 4th Caliphs • Extended their rule from Atlantic Ocean to Indus River • Both were assassinated & rightly guided Caliphs ended (4 of them)

  9. Umayyads- came after Ali (661 AD) • Hereditary succession of leaders of Islam • Moved Muslim capital to Damascus • Surrounded themselves with wealth & ceremony

  10. Splits in Islam • Shi’a-Caliph needs to be relative of Muhammed • Sunni-followers of Muhammed’s example- elect their leaders • Sufi-pursued a life of poverty & devotion to a spiritual path- mystics/direct personal relationship with Allah.

  11. Muslim States • Al- Andalus(Andalusia, Spain)- founded by Berbers (N. Africa- spread to Spain) • Jabal- Tariq- leader who advanced his army within 100 miles of Paris, Rock of Gibraltar is named after him • Battle of Tours 732 AD defeated by Charles Martel- Tariq retires back to Spain where Muslim rule will continue until 1492 AD

  12. Muslim States cont’d • Abbasids • Moved capital to Baghdad • Center of trade routes that allowed for access to goods, gold & information • Fatimid (Fatima): Dynasty 1258 AD • North Africa to Western Arabia & Syria

  13. Muslims as a unified culture • Language- Lingua Franca (language of trade that everyone can speak) - Arabic/ Had to read and write Qur’an to understand it so linked different peoples • Religion- Islam • Trade- connected the silk roads of China & India with Europe & Africa • Abbasaid dinar- money universally accepted throughout the Muslim world • Sakk-check that is good at banks across the Muslim World

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