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Life Processes - Amoeba

KINGDOM:   Protista PHYLUM:   Sarcodina CLASS:   Sarcodina GENUS:  Amoeba SPECIES:  Amoeba proteus. Life Processes - Amoeba. Amoeba. Movement. Amoeboid movement Pseudopodium

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Life Processes - Amoeba

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  1. KINGDOM:  ProtistaPHYLUM:  SarcodinaCLASS:  SarcodinaGENUS:  AmoebaSPECIES:  Amoeba proteus Life Processes - Amoeba

  2. Amoeba

  3. Movement • Amoeboid movement • Pseudopodium • Endoplasm will stream toward a portion of the plasma membrane, causing a bulge to form. This bulge is gradually extended into a long pseudopod. The cytoplasm then flows into the pseudopod and draws the plasma membrane with it. • Oozes

  4. Body Covering • Plasma membrane • outer layer that helps in filtering • Flexible • Allows organism to constantly change shape • Cyst • In unfavorable conditions (dryness, lack of food) the amoeba will protect itself by becoming a cyst

  5. Support • Ectoplasm • Clear fluid just inside the plasma membrane • Endoplasm • cytoplasm inside the organism that contains all of the cytoplasmic organelles

  6. Nutrition • Phagocytosis • Pseudopodia engulf the food particles sealing it into a food vacuole

  7. Respiration • Exchange dissolved gases with environment

  8. Circulation • Open circulatory system within the organism • Contractile vacuole – expels extra water

  9. Excretion • Soluble wastes diffuse to environment

  10. Responses • Cyst – response to harsh environmental conditions; metabolic rates slows and forms a hard exterior coating for protection

  11. Reproduction • Asexual • Binary Fission • Conjugation

  12. Phylum:Ciliophora Class:Ciliatea Genus:Paramecium Life Processes – Paramecium

  13. Paramecium

  14. Movement • Cilia • Small hair-like structures that beat rhythmically to either propel the organism toward the food or to move the food toward the organism. • Completely surrounding the organism

  15. Body Covering • Pellicle • Firm, flexible protein-rich covering that is external to the cell membrane • Slipper-shaped

  16. Support • Pellicle is firm and maintains shape • Cytoplasm helps to maintain shape

  17. Nutrition • Oral groove – funnel-shaped indentation lined with cilia that will sweep food into the mouth pore • Mouth pore – opening to the gullet • Gullet – short tube connecting the gullet to the food vacuole • Food vacuole – will travel through cytoplasm allowing enzymes from lysosomes will digest food.

  18. Respiration • Exchange dissolved gases with environment

  19. Circulation • Open circulatory system within the organism

  20. Excretion • Contractile Vacuole (2) – • Star-shaped • uses pinocytosis to injest or expel water that has dissolved nutrients • Soluble wastes diffuse to environment through plasma membrane • Anal pore • expels insoluble wastes

  21. Responses • Taxes • Generally respond to touch • Generally a change in speed or direction • Trichocysts • Tiny organelles under the pellicle that discharge stiff filaments into the water as a defense mechanism

  22. Reproduction • Asexual • Binary Fission • Micronucleus divides by mitosis • Macronucleus, containing multiple copies of DNA, enlarges and divides in half • Body elongates and a second gullet forms • Finally, a furrow forms dividing the organism in two • Each daughter cell has identical organelles

  23. Reproduction • Sexual • Conjugation • Two paramecia attach to each other by their oral surfaces. • Genetic material is exchanged • The paramecia will also go through nuclear changes within themselves. • Paramecia separate and each paramecia will go through division to form two similar organisms (a total of four)

  24. Phylum Euglenophycota Class Euglenophyceae Genus Euglena Life Processes - Euglena

  25. Euglena

  26. Movement • Flagella – two – one very long, one very short • Uses a whip-like motion with the flagella to PULL themselves through the water • Euglenoid Movement • Modified Amoeboid movement • Pulls the cytoplasm in so shape becomes round, then re-extends itself forward. • Worm-like motion

  27. Body Covering • Pellicle • Maintains shape

  28. Support • Pellicle • Cytoplasm

  29. Nutrition • Autotrophic • Photosynthesis • Chloroplasts – contain Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids • Saprophytic • Absorbs dissolved nutrients in low light or darkness

  30. Respiration • Exchange dissolved gases with environment

  31. Circulation • Open circulatory system • Gullet – exterior opening near flagella • Resevoir – section at end of gullet

  32. Excretion • Soluble wastes diffuse to environment • Contractile vacuole • Maintains water balance by expelling excess water into the reservoir

  33. Responses • Eyespot • Small red spot that is light-sensitive

  34. Reproduction • Asexual • Binary Fission • Once per day under ideal conditions • Sexual • unknown

  35. Classification • Euglena could be classified as either a protozoa or an algal. • Scientists tend to lean toward algal because it appears more plantlike due to the photosynthetic structures using photosynthesis as a first source of nutrition.

  36. Planaria Phylum: Platyhelminthes Life Processes

  37. Classification • Kingdom: AnimaliaSubkingdom: EumetazoaSuperphylum: PlatyzoaPhylum: PlatyhelminthesClass: TurbellariaOrder: SeriataSuborder: TricladidaFamily: Planariidae

  38. Movement • Special cells – produce slime on ventral side • Ciliated cells – propel worm over slime layer • Contractions of the muscle layers beneath the epidermis help with larger movements

  39. Body Covering • Three layers • Epidermis – slime layer • Mesoderm – organs and systems develop from these cells • Gastroderm – lines the digestive tract

  40. Support • Intestine structure

  41. Nutrition • Scavenge pieces of decayed animal or plant matter • Mouth – small opening on ventral side to allow pharynx to exit • Pharynx – straw-like structure that takes up food particles • Food is broken down in the intestine structure then digested by cells and diffused

  42. Respiration • Diffusion

  43. Circulation • Diffusion

  44. Excretion • Diffusion • Flame cells – assists in diffusion; hollow bulbs containing a tuft of cilia that help to maintain current flow throughout the tubules systems

  45. Responses • Elaborate nervous system • Group of nerve cells called the “brain” • Sensory nerves for taste, touch, and smell located in the anterior portion of animal • Two longitudinal nerves run alone the length of animal and are connected by transverse nerves • Eyespots – react to light intensity

  46. Reproduction • Asexual • Regeneration • Sexual • Hermaphroditic – male and female • Only uses cross-fertilization

  47. Yellow Perch Life Processes

  48. Classification • Kingdom: Animalia • Phylum: Chordata • Superclass: Osteichthyes • Class: Actinopterygii • Subclass: Neopterygii • Infraclass: Teleostei • Order: Perciformes • Family: Percidae • Genus: Perca

  49. Movement • Swim Bladder – helps the fish to control depth • Paired fins • Pectoral – side fins toward the head • Pelvic - below and behind pectoral • Unpaired fins • Anterior dorsal – front, top • Posterior dorsal – back, top • Anal – ventral, behind pelvic • Caudal (tail) – extreme back of fish

  50. Support • Bony skeleton containing a vertebral column and skull bones • Body covering • Scales • Mucus – secreted by glands beneath the scales; coats the scales with a waterproof coating • Countershading – top half darker than bottom half so that from whichever direction fish is camouflaged; protection device

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