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The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition. PART TWO. Medieval and Renaissance Music. Unit III The Middle Ages.

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The Enjoyment of Music 10 th Shorter Edition

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  1. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  2. PART TWO Medieval and Renaissance Music The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  3. Unit IIIThe Middle Ages “Nothing exists without music, for the universe itself is said to have been framed by a kind of harmony of sounds, and the heaven itself revolves under the tone of that harmony.” —Isidore of Seville The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  4. 11. The Culture of the Middle Ages • Spans nearly 1,000 years • Early Christian church and state • Most patronage (sponsorship) from the church • Most surviving music is sacred • Later Middle Ages: cities, cathedrals, art, and literature 1450 476 The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  5. www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  6. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  7. 12. Sacred Music in the Middle Ages • Early Church Music • Liturgy • Gregorian chant (plainchant, plainsong) Monophonic Nonmetric Latin text Whitsunday Mass, “Alleluia, emitte spiritum” The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  8. Classes of Chant • Syllabic • Neumatic • Melismatic Syllabic: Psalm 94, “Venite, exsultemus domino” Melismatic: Whitsunday Mass, “Alleluia, emitte spiritum” Melismatic: many notes per syllable The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  9. 12. Sacred Music in the Middle Ages • Chant 3,000-plus surviving melodies Oral transmission Early notation = neumes Scale patterns = modes The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  10. Early Church Modes Lydian Ionian (major) Mixolydian Dorian Aolean (minor) Phrygian Locrian Modal (old system) vs. Tonal (major/minor system used later) The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  11. Offices and the Mass • Two types of prayer in the daily Offices and Mass Proper Ordinary • Form of music Responsorial Antiphonal The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  12. The Mass Proper • Introit Proper • Kyrie Ordinary • Gloria Ordinary • Gradual Proper • Alleluia Proper • Credo Ordinary • Offertory Proper • Sanctus Ordinary • Agnus Dei Ordinary • Communion Proper Text changes with the season (Easter, Christmas, etc.) Ordinary Text stays the same in every mass The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  13. The Mass • Form of music Responsorial Antiphonal Gregorian chant: Whitsunday… Gabrieli: “Hodie Christus…” (late Renaissance) The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  14. Life in the Medieval Cloister • Cloister Monastery Convent The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  15. The Music of Hildegard of Bingen (1098–1179) • 1150 founded convent in Germany • Known for miracles and prophecies • Three collections of visions and prophecies in manuscript • Composed religious poetry with music Morality play The Play of the Virtues (Ordo virtutum) The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  16. Characteristics of Hildegard’s poetry • Brilliant imagery • Visionary language The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  17. Hildegard: Alleluia, O virga mediatrix (Listening Guide) Listening Guide PDF A B A The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  18. The Rise of Polyphony: The Notre Dame School • Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris • Romanesque period (c. 850–1150) • Notated rhythm and pitch The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  19. Notre Dame School Organum: Gaude Maria virgo (Listening Guide) Same text in all 3 lines Melismatic Original chant melody slowed down Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  20. The Early Medieval Motet • New text for second melody in organum • New genre: motet • polytextual The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  21. www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  22. The Enjoyment of Music 10th Shorter Edition The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  23. 13. Secular Music in the Middle Ages • Medieval Minstrels • Secular music in courts • Aristocratic artists France: troubadours (south) and trouvères (north) Germany: Minnesingers • Secular music in cities • Wandering minstrels Men: Goliards, jongleurs Women: trobairitz, jongleuresses • Idealized love and chivalry • Secular songs sung monophonically, with improvised accompaniment The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  24. Raimbaut de Vaqueiras and the Trouvère Tradition • Southern French secular composer (c.1155-1207) • Musician at the court of the marquis of Montferrat (northwest Italy) • Knighted for bravery in battle • Joined in the Fourth Crusade to the Holy Land • Probably died in battle alongside his patron The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  25. Raimbaut de Vaqueiras: Kalenda maya (Listening Guide) Listening Guide PDF • Late-13th-century estampie (troubadour dance song) • Set to a strophic poem • Instrumental portion performed on rebec, pipe, guitar, nakers, hand drum • Middle Eastern influence evident in the work • Improvisation • instruments The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  26. Guillaume de Machaut and the French Ars Nova Ars nova Machaut: “Nesque on porroit …” Ars antiqua Gregorian chant: Whitsunday Mass… The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  27. Guillaume de Machaut (c. 1300–1377) • French composer • Premier composer of Ars nova Cleric and courtier Motets, chansons, polyphonic Mass Ordinary Poet Fixed text forms: rondeau, ballade, virelai The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  28. Machaut: Puis qu’en oubli (Listening Guide) Listening Guide PDF The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  29. Early Instrumental Music • Central role in art music reserved for vocal music • Instrumental music mostly improvised • Soft (bas) or loud (haut)instruments • Categorized by their use (indoor or outdoor) Praetorius: Terpsichore, “Volte” (bas) Praetorius: Terpsichore, “Courante” (haut) The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  30. Early Instrumental Music Vielle Mandolin Lute The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  31. Early Instrumental Music Dulcimer Psaltery The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  32. Medieval Organs • Large instruments • Small instruments (portative, positive) • Use of authentic instruments in recordings Bach: Jesu, Joy of Man’s Desiring The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

  33. www.wwnorton.com/enjoy The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition

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