Harvard Referencing

Harvard Referencing The ‘How’ & ‘Why’ of referencing

During this session, you’ll learn: • Why work is referenced • How to use in-text references competently • How to compile lists of end references, for books, journal articles and web pages.

Why reference? • To avoid plagiarism • To acknowledge direct quotes • To provide evidence to support arguments • So that readers can check how much preparation has gone into your work and can find extra information

In-Text References • These appear in the main body of the text to indicate the source of your information • Use in-text references whenever you mention facts written by someone else, or when you include someone else’s ideas • Write the surname of the author and the date of publication, in brackets e.g. (Greaves, 2004) • Use letters after the date to distinguish between books by the same author published in the same year (Greaves, 2004a)

In-Text References • Include a reference at the end of a sentence. (Greaves, 2004) • Greaves (2004) says that references can be written in the middle of a sentence. • “For direct quotes, use speech marks and state the page number of the source in the reference.” (Greaves, 2004, p.72) • Remember that what you put in the in-text reference must direct the reader to the correct reference in the end list.

End List References / Bibliography • The end list is a list of sources that you have either quoted directly or used arguments from, listed in alphabetical order by author (or editor) surname • Be consistent with formats – capitals & italics should be used in the same way throughout

End list references - books MEGGS, P.B. (ed.) (1998) A history of Graphic Design, 3rd ed., Chichester: Heinemann • 1st & 2nd author / editor surnames (include (ed.) if editors) in capitals • Publication year in brackets • Title in italics • Edition number (where relevant) • Place of publication • Publisher • Also note the punctuation between each piece of information about your sources.

Journal articles: GERA, T. (2002) “Keep your hair on”, New Scientist, 23 (12), 13 October, p. 28-35 • Article author in capitals • Publication year in brackets • Article title in speech marks • Journal title in italics • Volume & issue / part number, and publication date • Page numbers

Web Sites Jazz review. Your complete resource for jazz music reviews. (2004) Online. Available from: http://www.jazzreview.com. [Accessed 18 October 2003] • Title of web site or author of document • Date (approximate if not dated) • Web site address • The date you accessed the site in square brackets (this is important as web pages can change frequently)

Have a go! Drag the bits of book reference into the right position: (1998) A History of Graphic Design MEGGS, P. B. (ed) Meggs, P. B. MEGGS P B Heinemann 3rd edition Chichester 1998 A History of Graphic Design Meggs P B

Try a journal Gera T 23 12 P 28 - 35 (2002) 2002 “Keep your hair on” 13 Oct GERA, T. Keep your hair on New Scientist Gera, T. 23 (12) “Keep your hair on” GERA T Keep your hair on New Scientist 13 October

Any questions?

Harvard Referencing