1 / 47

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Function of the lungs is gas exchange with the blood. Facts: 5 liters of blood pass thru the lungs per minute total lung surface area=80m sq. which is equivalent to a tennis court. Functional terms to know:. Breathing: moving air in/out of lungs; 12-16 per min.

kedem
Download Presentation

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  2. Function of the lungs is gas exchange with the blood. Facts: 5 liters of blood pass thru the lungs per minute total lung surface area=80m sq. which is equivalent to a tennis court.

  3. Functional terms to know: Breathing: moving air in/out of lungs; 12-16 per min. External respiration: in the lungs exchange of gas into the blood. Internal respiration: exchange of O2 between blood and cells. Therefore O2 in and CO2 out

  4. TWO PARTS TO RESP SYS: CONDUCTING RESPIRATORY

  5. Conducting portion: • Nose • Nasopharynx • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchi • bronchioles

  6. FUNCTIONS OF CONDUCTINGPORTION: • FILTRATION – BY HAIRS • CLEANSING – BY MUCOUS AND CILIA • MOISTENING – BY MUCOUS • WARMING – BY HEAT EXCHANGE VIA BLOOD VESSELS

  7. RESPIRATORY MORPHOLOGY NASAL AREA:a nose is a nose is a nose! 1. Nares(nostrils)-have coarse hairs for filtering large particles. 2. Conchae-3 plates of bones lined with a rich vascular blood system for warming inspired air. 3. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells.

  8. a. Cilia-propel dusts “insults” downward to nasopharynx. B. Goblet cells-secrete mucus to filter dusts “insults” Goblet cell

  9. 4. Nasopharynx-first part of pharynx(throat) provides a separation for the air route from feeding(oropharynx). Naso-pharynx Oro-pharynx

  10. LARYNX SERVES AS A PASSAGEWAY FOR AIR, A VALVE TO CLOSE OFF THE AIR PASSAGEWAY FROM FOOD ENTERING AND A VOICE BOX.

  11. COUGH REFLEX IF SOMETHING OTHER THAN AIR ENTERS THE LARYNX THERE IS A COUGH REFLEX TO PREVENT FOOD FROM ENTERING THE TRACHEA. IN CASES OF DROWNING THE C.R. CAUSES LARYNGEAL SPASM PREVENTING O2 FROM ENTERING LUNGS. AUTOPSIES SHOW LUNGS FREE OF WATER.

  12. Epiglottis

  13. EPIGLOTTIS FLEXIBLE FLAP-LIKE STRUCTURE FOUND NEAR OROPHARYNX (BEHIND TONGUE). IT FLIPS OVER THE OPENING OF THE TRACHEA AND PREVENTS FOOD AND LIQUID FROM ENTERING THE TRACHEA.

  14. TRACHEA

  15. BRONCHUS

  16. BRONCHIOLE EACH BRONCHUS DIVIDES AND SUBDIVIDES INTO SMALLER BRANCHES. BY THE TIME AIR REACHES HERE, WARMED UP AND FILTERED. SMOOTH MUSCLE AND ELASTIC FIBER…NO CARTILAGE AND GOBLET CELLS

  17. OK…Now, with a partner, describe the pathway of the air up to this point. Make sure you discuss… 1) The structure of whatever area the air is travelling through. 2) The function of whatever area the air is travelling through. 3) What is happening to the air on its way down? Is it being treated in any way?

  18. RESPIRATORY PORTION • ALVEOLAR DUCTS • ALVEOLAR SACS • ALVEOLI

  19. ALVEOLAR DUCTS SHORT TUBES INTO WHICH OPEN THE ALVEOLI. CONSISTS OF ELASTIC AND COLLAGEN FIBERS.

  20. ALVEOLUS THE SAC-LIKE ALVEOLUS IS THE FINAL ELEMENT OF THE BRONCHIAL TREE SURROUNDED BY A RICH NETWORK OF BLOOD.

  21. ALVEOLI-FOR GAS EXCHANGE

  22. SURFACTANT PRODUCTION

  23. SURFACTANT-SECRETED BY ALVEOLAR SECRETORY CELLS. PHOSPHOLIPID WHICH REDUCES THE SURFACE TENSION OF ALVEOLI.

  24. WITHOUT THIS CHEM. THE ALVEOLI WOULD COLLAPSE AND THEREFORE NOT FUNCTION. PREMATURE BABIES LACK SURFACTANT TOWARDS THE END OF GESTATION AND SUFFER FROM RDS.

  25. LUNGS

  26. CROSS-SECTION OF LUNGS

  27. LUNG GROSS SPECIMEN LUNG X-RAY

  28. MECHANICS OF BREATHING

  29. FACTORS-CO2, H+, O2. PONS MEDULLA NERVES- PHRENIC & INTERCOSTAL

  30. mmHG Mechanics of breathing Vol. 765 Intrapulmonic P 760 500cc ATM P Intrathoracic Pressure 755 Tidal volume 750 inspiration expiration

  31. Inspiration • Muscles-intercostals & diaphragm • Thorax expands • Intrapulmonic P falls below ATM (760) • = a “pressure gradient” • air moves into lungs & expands the thorax until P is equal (ATP needed)

  32. EXPIRATION • INSPIRATORY MUS. RELAX • DIAPHRAGM MOVE UPWARD & RIBS RETURN TO ORIGINAL POSITION • = “ELASTIC RECOIL”= NO ENERGY. • WHEN INTRAPULMONIC P INCREASES ABOVE ATM P, AIR IS EXPELLED FROM THE LUNGS • NOTE INTRATHORACIC P REMAINS BELOW ATM P.= A NEG P.

  33. MUCOKINESIS AEROSOL - GEL- SOL- GOBLET CELLS -BRONCHIAL-MUS & EPITHELIUM

  34. CILIA SOL-GEL LAYERS VISCOSITY PATENT AIRWAY RATE OF AIR FLOW COUGH BODY POSITIONING NARCOTICS ANESTHESIA SMOKING HIGH O2 STRESS ALLERGIES CHANGE IN PH FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE MOVEMENT OF MUCUS INTRINSICEXTRINSIC

  35. EUPNEA DYSPNEA TACHYPNEA HYPERPNEA APNEA ORTHOPNEA BRADYPNEA RESPIRATORY TERMS

More Related