Progress on NDC Implementation in Moldova: Challenges and Lessons Learned

1. Regional Dialogue on Nationally Determined Contributions for Eastern Europe, Caucasus, and Central Asia Progress on NDC Implementation in Moldova Ion COMENDANT, Mitigation Team Leader, Climate Change Office, Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment of Moldova 21-23 May 2018, Tbilisi, Georgia

2. Content • MOLDOVA (I)NDC • Mitigation NDC implementation progress • NDC implementation actors • Challenges envisioned: from NDC goals to concrete actions • Lessons learned in the process of developing mitigation actions in the context of NDC goals

3. MOLDOVA (I)NDC • There are four options for expressing the country's commitment to reduce GHG: • 1. Emissions target with reference to • the base year (i.e. xx% reduction in • 20xx compared to 1990) • 2. Fixed target emission (Ex: zero • emissions by 20xx) • 3. Intensity reduction over the base • year (i.e. xx% reduction in CO2 / GDP • in 20xx compared to 1990) • 4. Emissions reduction target to • Baseline (i.e. xx% CO2 reduction in • 20xx compared to BAU) Moldova mitigation potential In 2030 vs 1990: 33%-SM 22%-SAM 44%-BAU

4. MOLDOVA (I)NDC • Unconditional target: The Republic of Moldova intends to achieve an • economy-wide unconditional target of reducing its • greenhousegas emissions by 64-67% below its • 1990 level in 2030 • Conditional target: The reduction commitment expressed above could • be increased up to 78% below 1990 level, • conditional to a global agreement addressing • important topics including low-cost financial • resources, technology transfer, and technical • cooperation • Moldova NDC has adaptation component as well

5. Mitigation NDC implementation progress • Paris Agreement wasratified in May 2017 • In order to reach NDC target there were approved: • a) Low Emission Development Strategy (LEDS) up to 2030 and the Action Plan • for its implementation (March 2017) • a) Climate Change Adaptation Strategy of the Republic of Moldova and its • Action Plan (2014-2020) • NDC is seen be achieved by implementing NAMAs. Appropriate NAMAs are reflected in LEDS, including 44 aggregated NAMAs to achieve NDC unconditional goal and, 22 NAMAs – NDC conditional target, 12 of which are registered in NAMA Register of UNFCCC, from which 5 in detailed format • All the NAMAs have been selected during three projects: • a) "Technology Needs Assessment" funded by GEF and UNEP; • b) "Republic of Moldova. Low Emission Development Capacity Program ", funded by UNDP; • c) Fourth National Communication and the Biennial One Report (BUR1)“ preparation, funded by • GEF • Multi-Criteria Decision Analyses tool has been used to identify the best NAMAs

6. Mitigation NDC implementation progress • NAMA selection process: • Long list • Power sector - 15 • Transport - 38 • Building - 8 • Industrial process – 10 • Agriculture - 39 • Forestry - 13 • Waste - 13 • TOTAL 136 Stakeholders participated in criteria scoring Prioritized list 14 (2 per each sector) 5 NAMAs for detailed development, 7 NAMAs in UNFCCC Registry format MCDA MCDA

7. Mitigation NDC implementation progress

8. Mitigation NDC implementation progress • LEDS targets

9. Mitigation NDC implementation progress • Needed financing, billion US$

10. Mitigation NDC implementation progress • Steps undertaken to reach the goal • The Program for Promoting the Green Economy in the Republic of Moldova for 2018-2020 and • the Action Plan for its Implementation, GD No. 160/2018; • Energy Roadmap for the period 2015-2030, GD No. 409/2015; • Law on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources, no. 10/2016, updated March 2018; • Law on Energy Efficiency, No. 142/2010; • National Energy Efficiency Program for 2011-2020, GD No. 833/201; • Energy Strategy of the Republic of Moldova until 2030, GD No. 102/2013; • National Action Plan on Renewable Energy for the Years 2013-2020, GD No. 1073/2013; • Law on thermal energy and promotion of cogeneration, No. 92/2014; • Law on the Energy Performance of Buildings, No. 128/2014; • Law on the Labeling of Products with energy impact, No. 44/2014; • Creation of Energy Efficiency Fund, GD No. 401/2012; • State Program for regeneration and afforestation of forest land for the years 2003-2020, GD No. 737/2003; • National Plan for Extension of Woodland for 2014-2018, GD No. 101/2014; • Program for the preservation and enhancement of soil fertility for the years 2011-2020, GD No. 626/2011 • National Strategy for Agricultural and Rural Development for 2014-2020, GD No. 409/2014 • Waste Management Strategy for the Republic of Moldova for the years 2013-2027, GD No. 248/2013

11. Mitigation NDC implementation progress • Under preparation and approval: • New Moldova Development Strategy up to 2030 • New Energy Efficiency Law • Transport Strategy in municipality Chisinau • MRV System (2018): • GD on establishing and operation of the national system for monitoring • and reporting GHG emissions and other information relevant to climate change • GD on establishing a mechanism for coordinating activities in the climate change area • GCF support is provided to: establish and strengthen the Designated National Authority, development of strategic framework, and preparation of Country Programme. Having the strengthened DNA will help Moldova to successfully utilize direct access to GCF climate finance • National Action Plans on Energy Efficiency for 2018-2020

12. NDC implementation actors Ministry of Agriculture, Regional Development and Environment • MARDE - responsible for developing and • promoting policies and strategies • addressing the protection of the environment. • MARDE chairs the National Commission • CCO – is the Secretary of Commission • NCCC - is an inter-ministerial body, composed • of representatives of central and local public • authorities, academia, NGO, private sector that will • promote measures and actions necessary for the • unitary application of objectives and provisions of • climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies • TC - provide support for project evaluation Climate Change Office National Commission on Climate Change Mitigation Adaptation Beneficiaries of climate projects Technical Committee Unilateral projects are financed from the state budget and are established in the national / sectoral planning documents. The supported projects are funded by donors

13. Challenges envisioned: from NDC goals to concrete actions • The following challenges are envisioned, since Moldova NDC is seen being achieved by implementing NAMAs and adaptation projects: • Access to financing is seen limited at country and international levels • Interest to develop a NAMA is less expressed comparing to CDM projects • There is a week national capacity to develop viable NAMA projects in transport, industry and agriculture sectors • There is a weak leadership and ownership at all levels of governance • Climate Change Adaptation is not sufficiently prioritized at the national and sub-national levels • Lack of capacities to implement transformational adaptation

14. Lessons learned in the process of developing mitigation and adaptation actions in the context of NDC goals • The development of high credibility NAMA requires the use of extensive amount of data and information, while their availability at the site level typically, is partial or lack • ESCOs or companies like them are most suitable to develop, promote and implement a NAMA, as there is a clear financial interest to do it • The establishment of NAMA Implementation Unit through a Governmental Decree is considered the best way to support NAMA implementation in Moldova • Adaptation cannot be approached as a one-size-fits-all, each sector faces different risks, differences in economic situations and development goals and these peculiarities require individual sectoral entry points that had to be considered during the mainstreaming of CCA • Monitoring and Evaluating system is a crucial task for CCA however,  continuous climate monitoring is expensive and requires technical capabilities • Mainstreaming of CCA into planning is to be accompanied by extensive capacity building activities • Implementation of adaptation action is to be accompanied by broad information, awareness and capacity building efforts addressing community members and local leaders

15. Thank you for Your attention Contacts: www.clima.md clima@clima.md, icomendant@gmail.com