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Data Sources to Contextualize Qualitative Research

Learn how to gain a deeper understanding of your research site, subject, and uniqueness through contextual data. Discover the importance and sources of secondary data for qualitative research.

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Data Sources to Contextualize Qualitative Research

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  1. Data Sources to Contextualize Qualitative Research Jon Stiles D-Lab April 24, 2017

  2. Road Map for Today Contextual data Contextual data is data that gives context to a person, entity or event. Context reflects the circumstances that form the setting for those individuals or actions, and in terms of which those can be more fully understood and assessed. How can I better understand: • my research site? • my research subject? • how distinct my site or subject is?

  3. Road Map for Today More generally, we are thinking of specific uses for secondary data, and need to know: What is it and where does it come from? Where can you find it most easily? Why and how would you want to use it?

  4. Secondarydata: what is it? Primary data (I saw it with my own two eyes/ I asked) • “New” data • Typically collected to answer specific questions or serve specific needs (….but ….) • Known universe/sample, intentional design • Tailored data items Secondary data (I heard from someone who asked, I saw evidence of) • “Recycled” data; collected by others and re-used • Often (but not always) collected for a different use • Value reliant on meta-data (information about the data)

  5. Secondary data: origins • Secondary data emerge from several kinds of collection processes: • Survey data: collection for research purposes, coherent research design, well-defined sampling process, intent to generalize Examples: American Community Survey (ACS: Census Bureau) General Social Survey (GSS) National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) Current Population Survey (CPS) • Administrative data: collection for program administration or routine record-keeping Examples: Marriage Records Property Sales Hospital Discharge Records Court Records Tax Records • Data exhaust: byproduct or residue of activities Examples: Twitter collections Cell phone location data Newspaper articles

  6. Break & Introduction • Next we are going to talk about places which serve as repositories for data, and how to locate data…. • Will focus on two issues: • Availability of detailed geography • Potential to characterize specific populations

  7. Secondary data: where can you find it?*** *** Everything but Census

  8. Archives: Academic ICPSR (Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research) is a membership-based organization which collects data from individual researchers, polling agencies, and governmental and international agencies. Data set cover areas such as political attitudes and behavior patterns, crime and criminal justice, state and national voting records, election studies, census enumerations, economic behavior, family studies, and social atttitudes. Holdings at ICPSR are available to UCB subject to IP verification. (www.icpsr.umich.edu)

  9. Archives: Distributed http://thedata.harvard.edu/dvn/ http://thedata.harvard.edu/dvn/faces/site/BrowseDataversesPage.xhtml?initialSort=Released

  10. Archives: Polling Data Roper Center: The Roper Center archives data from thousands of surveys with national adult, state, foreign, and special subpopulation samples conducted by Gallup, NORC, CBS, ABC, Harris, the LA Times, the NY Times, and many other polling organizations. Polls are available from as far back as the mid-1930’s. Holdings at the Roper Center are, effective as of this month, also available via IP screening. (www.ropercenter.uconn.edu )

  11. Government: NCES http://nces.ed.gov/

  12. Government: NCHS http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/surveys.htm

  13. Government: NSF - College, Doctoral, Post-Doctoral http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/data-tools.cfm#micro-data

  14. Government: BEA

  15. Government: BLS http://www.bls.gov/data/

  16. Government: USDA

  17. UKDA: General Purpose Archive http://discover.ukdataservice.ac.uk/

  18. GESIS: General Purpose Archive

  19. IEA: TIMSS

  20. OECD: PISA http://www.oecd.org/pisa/ http://www.asdfree.com/2013/12/analyze-program-for-international.html

  21. Secondary data: where can you find it?*** *** (from the Census)

  22. Broad Data Collections Census of Population & Housing Full enumeration • Mixed mode (mail-in, CATI, in-person) • Long form/short-form (2000 and earlier) • Multiple data releases

  23. Census 2010: Content 10 Questions Name Sex Age Relationship (to Household Head) Hispanic Origin Race Owner/Renter Status Plus Whether each member sometimes lives/stays elsewhere Total number living in residence Probe for unreported persons Telephone contact http://www.census.gov/2010census/about/interactive-form.php

  24. Where’s all the interesting stuff? In 2000 (and earlier) censuses, the census used more than one form: • A “short” form, which asked basic demographic data, just like the 2010 census form (AKA – 100% data) • A “long” form, which collected both the items on the short form and a broader set of items about income, education, ancestry, language, disability, employment, etc.. (AKA – sample data) Now, decennial census focuses solely on basic demographic data, and social and economic data are collected in the American Community Survey (ACS) www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/methodology/questionnaire-archive.html

  25. Broad Data Collections American Community Survey • Annual • Replacement for the “long form” of the decennial census. • HH sample fully implemented in January 2005, annual sample of around 3 million. • Multi-mode: mail, CATI, CAPI • Multiple Data releases – 1 year, 3 year, 5 year, PUMS

  26. ACS Content - Basic https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/methodology/questionnaire-archive.html

  27. American Community Survey Summaries

  28. Basic Census Geography

  29. Nested Geographies: Census Tracts Census tracts are small, relatively permanent statistical subdivisions of a county or statistically equivalent entity. The primary purpose of census tracts is to provide a stable set of geographic units for the presentation of decennial census data. They are typically delineated by a committee of local data users. Generally, census tracts have between 2,500 and 8,000 residents and boundaries that follow visible features. When first established, census tracts are to be as homogeneous as possible with respect to population characteristics, economic status, and living conditions. The 2000 census was the first census for which the entire county was tracted. In earlier years, Block Numbering Areas (BNAs) provided sub-county geography for untracted areas. Data for Tracts available for Decennial Census, ACS 5 year.

  30. Nested Geographies: Block Groups A census block group (BG) is a cluster of census blocks having the same first digit of their four-digit identifying numbers within a census tract. BGs generally contain between 600 and 3,000 people, with an optimum size of 1,500 people. Data for BGs available for Decennial Census, ACS 5 year (selected tables).

  31. www.socialexplorer.com

  32. Thank you. (Slides will be posted.) Email: calove@Berkeley.edu

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