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Green Economy in EU: Policy and Case Studies

Green Economy in EU: Policy and Case Studies. Niccolò Lombardi Project Manager , KnowlEdge Srl Astana, 13/11/2013. Contents. Introduction GE Policy in EU Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy GHG Emissions and Air Pollution Waste Water Sustainable Production and Consumption

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Green Economy in EU: Policy and Case Studies

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  1. Green Economy in EU:Policy and Case Studies Niccolò Lombardi Project Manager, KnowlEdgeSrl Astana, 13/11/2013

  2. Contents • Introduction • GE Policy in EU • Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy • GHG Emissions and Air Pollution • Waste • Water • Sustainable Production and Consumption • Biodiversity • Conclusion

  3. 1. Introduction Green economy policies have the overall objective of creating the enabling conditions for a shift to more sustainable production and consumption patterns.

  4. 1. Introduction Key objectivesof public green policies include, among others: • Leveling the playing field for greener products by phasing out antiquated subsidies. • Reforming policies and providing new incentives. • Strengthening market infrastructure and market-based mechanisms. • Redirecting public investment. • Greening public procurement.

  5. 1. Introduction Four main ways for governments to influence behavior and shape future trends: • Investments • Incentives and Disincentives • Public Targets Mandated by Law • Social Interventions .

  6. 2. GE Policy in EU .

  7. 2. GE Policy in EU • Non-binding objectives Goals set out in Commission communications, environmental action programmes and European Council Presidency conclusions, as well as those incorporated into EU legislation. • Binding targets Binding goals established by EU legislation (regulations, directives and decisions) and international legislation that Member States and the EU are required to achieve. . Source: EEA, 2013

  8. 2. GE Policy in EU • Non-binding Objectives Source: EEA, 2013

  9. 2. GE Policy in EU • Binding Targets Source: EEA, 2013

  10. 3. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy • Key objectives and targets • 20 % increase in energy efficiency by 2020. • 20% of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources (Binding).

  11. 3. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy • Policy Example: KfW Energy-Efficient Construction and Refurbishment Programme - Germany • Impacts: • 360,000 housing units reached • 370,000 jobs created • Energy savings of 2,200 Gigawatt Source: CA-EED, 2013

  12. 4. GHG Emissions and Air Pollution • Key general objectives • Reduction in total EU greenhouse gas emissions (including both energy and non-energy related sources) from 1990 levels: • 20% reduction by 2020 - Europe 2020 Strategy • 40% reduction by 2030 – Roadmap for a Low Carbon Economy • 80% reduction by 2050 - Resource efficient Europe flagship initiative • Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution: Air pollutants reduction, compared to 2000 levels: • Sulphur dioxide: 82 %; Nitrogen oxides: 60 %; Volatile organic compounds: 51 %; Ammonia: 27 %; Primary PM2.5 (59 %).

  13. 4. GHG Emissions and Air Pollution • Key general objectives • Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area • Reduction in CO2 emissions from the transport sector: 20% by 2030 compared to 2008 levels, and 60% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels. • Conventionally fuelled cars in cities: 50% reduction by 2030, and complete phasing out by 2050. • Shift of road freight over 300 km to rail/waterborne transport: 30% by 2030 and 50% by 2050. • Shift of the majority of long- and medium-distance passenger road transport to rail by 2050. • 40% increase in use of low carbon fuels by airlines by 2050 • 40% reduction of carbon emissions from shipping by 2050, compared to 2005 levels.

  14. 4. GHG emissions and Air Pollution • Policy Examples – Transport Fiscal Policies and Economic Instruments • Fuel taxes, e.g. environmental taxes on fuels account for about 57% of total price of diesel in the Netherlands. • Fee-bate, e.g. France bonus-malus system. • Buy-back, e.g. 1,500€ scrappage incentive in Italy. • EU Green Car Initiative, €5 billion plan through a Public-Private-Partnership to support innovation in the automotive sector.

  15. 5. Waste • Key general objectives • Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe (2020 objectives): • Waste is managed as a resource • Absolute decline of waste generated per capita • High quality recycling • Limit energy recovery to non-recyclable materials • Virtually eliminate landfilling • Eradicate illegal shipments of waste

  16. 5. Waste • Policy Example – Pay-as-you-throw Taxes • 19 Member States have a tax • Taxes vary: €3 (BG) - €107.49 (NL) per tonne Source: EC, 2012

  17. 6. Water • Key general objectives • Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe (2020 objectives): • Keep water abstraction below 20% of available renewable water resources. • Alternative water supply options are only relied upon when all cheaper savings opportunities have been taken. • The impacts of droughts and floods are minimised.

  18. 6. Water • Policy Example: Agriculture Water Pricing - France • Water Law of 2006 imposes the equipment of volumetric metering devices, and defines the conditions under which users can abstract surface and groundwater resources. • Regulations are also more stringent in some areas qualified nationally as suffering of chronic water shortage.

  19. 7. Sustainable Production and Consumption • Key general objectives • Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe (2020 objectives): • Phase out environmentally harmful subsidies and substantially increase the share of environmental taxes • Food chain resource inputs should be cut by 20 % • Disposal of edible food waste should be halved • Market and policy incentives that reward business investments in efficiency are in place • Economic growth and wellbeing is decoupled from resource inputs

  20. 7. Sustainable Production and Consumption • European Fisheries Fund (EFF) • Key Objective: phasing out of harmful subsidies and secure a sustainable fishing and aquaculture sector. • 4.3 billion Euro over the 2007–2013 period. Main Impact: Construction and export of overcapacity to third countries – have now officially been removed.

  21. 8. Biodiversity • Key general objectives • EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020: • Achieve a significant and measurable improvement in the status of species and habitats covered by EU. • Better protection/restoration of ecosystems and their services and greater use of green infrastructure. • More sustainable agriculture and forestry. • Better management of EU fish stocks. • Tighter controls of invasive alien species. • Greater EU contribution to averting global biodiversity loss.

  22. 8. Biodiversity • Policy Examples: Payments for Ecosystem Services - Natura 2000 Netwok • EU network of area of high biodiversity value. • Payments for Natura 2000 management are provided for farmers and land owners that operate within sites in order to maintain the biodiversity and the good ecological status in these sites/areas.

  23. 9. Conclusion • GE policies: From objectives and targets to EU policy instruments and specific country-based initiatives. • Different level of alignment with EU Policies across member states, largely depending on financial resource availability and R&D capacity. • Upcoming: Launch of Horizon 2020 financing instrument in 2014  Will combine all EU innovation funding streams.

  24. Thank you!For more information you can find me at:niccolo.lombardi@ke-srl.com

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