57445 HCC were registered

1. 57445 HCC were registered 25702 were excluded due to insufficient data 31743 HCC with complete data 10114 underwent surgical resection 9577 underwent local ablation therapies 9283 underwent TACE 1150 underwent chemotherapy 1466 received no active therapy* 827 received other treatments such as radiation therapy 476 underwent continuous arterial infusion of 5-FU and CDDP* 674 underwent other chemotherapy Supplementary Figure 1. Flow of participants into the study. Survival of two groups with asterisk were compared. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; 5-FU, 5-fluorouracil; CDDP, cisplatin.

2. 0 0.5 1.0 Supplementary Figure 2. Forest plot for the risk of hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (HAIC). Subgroup analysis showed a benefit of HAIC compared with no active therapy regardless of the values of prognostic factors. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval.

3. HAIC Survival Rate No therapy Months after diagnosis Patients at risk 3 39 18 11 6 HAIC 185 81 2 17 10 6 4 185 38 No therapy Supplemantary Figure 3. Survival of propensity score-matched patients with Child-Pugh A/B disease and more than three tumors. Patients who underwent hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (HAIC) or no active therapy (no therapy) were compared. Median survival times were 13.9 months (HAIC) and 3.7 months (no therapy) (P<.0001).

4. Survival Rate HAIC No therapy Months after diagnosis Patients at risk 19 8 4 1 - HAIC 189 57 3 10 7 4 3 189 29 No therapy Supplementary Figure 4. Survival of propensity score-matched patients with Child-Pugh A/B disease and portal vein tumor thrombus. Patients who underwent hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (HAIC) or no active therapy (no therapy) were compared. Median survival times were 7.9 months (HAIC) and 3.1 months (no therapy) (P<.0001).