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CLASS 13 LECTIO XIII

CLASS 13 LECTIO XIII. GRAMMATICA, REDDITA. Gerunds and Gerundives. Gerunds. a verbal noun, often the same as an English language noun ending in –ing, but can usually be translate with the infinitive.

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CLASS 13 LECTIO XIII

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  1. CLASS 13 LECTIO XIII GRAMMATICA, REDDITA

  2. Gerunds and Gerundives Gerunds a verbal noun, often the same as an English language noun ending in –ing, but can usually be translate with the infinitive the gerund is used often in Medieval Latin, commonly after the preposition ad to express purpose ad levandum redditus to collect the rent studium vivendi cum amicis fondness for living with friends Operam dat vivendo bene he gives attention to living well The gerund is declined in the four oblique cases of the neuter singular laudandi ducendi sequendi audiendi of praising laudando ducendo sequendo audiendo for leading laudandum ducendum sequendum audiendum following laudando ducendo sequendo audiendo by hearing

  3. Gerundives Verbal adjective ending in –ndus, -nda, -ndum etc. Oblique neuter singular forms are identical to the gerund … confirmavi preditum croftum habendum er tenendum Alicie I have confirmed the aforementioned croft to be had and to be held to Alice

  4. Pronouns ego, mei, michi, me, me tue, tui, tibi, te, te nos, nostri, nobis, nos, nobis vos, vestri, vobis, vos, vobis Personal is, eius, ei, eum, eo -- ei, eorum, eis, eos, eis ea, eius, ei, eam, ea -- eae, earum, eis, eas, eis id, eius, ei, id, eo -- ea, eis, eis, ea, eis Demonstrative

  5. Irregular Verbs Verbs that are formed from more than one stem and whose tenses differ in form from regular conjugations sum, possum Deponent Verbs Verbs are generally passive in form but active in meaning testor, testatus

  6. Adverbs Mostly formed from adjectives add –e to the stem latus to late add –iter to the stem laudabilis to laudabiliter

  7. THIRD CONJUGATION VERBS • Translate: • Juratores dicunt quod omnia bene • How is the imperfect formed? • How is the future formed? • How is the perfect formed?

  8. FOURTH CONJUGATION VERBS • The present stem ends in what? • Otherwise they are similar in form to verbs of which conjugation? • Translate: • Et super hoc venit predictus Johannes in eamdem curiam et cepit de domino predicta crofta tenenda sibi et heredibus suis

  9. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE • HOW IS IT FORMED? • HOW DO YOU FIND THE PERFECT STEM OF A VERB?

  10. INFINITIVE FORMS OF VERBS • HOW DO YOU FORM THE PRESENT ACTIVE INFINITIVE? • HOW DO YOU FORM THE PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE? • HOW DO YOU FORM THE FUTURE ACTIVE INFINITIVE?

  11. MORE ABOUT VERBS • WHAT IS THE ACCUSATIVE AND INFINITIVE CONSTRUCTION? • WHAT ARE MOODS IN LATIN? • WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICES?

  12. Review Medieval spelling changes (p. x) ae to e oe to e h to ch ti to ci ct to cc c to s sc to ss ob to op

  13. 1st Conjugation Present Active Indicative present stem + personal endings ara + -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt e.g. aro, arare, aravi, aratus aro aramus aras aratis arat arant

  14. 1st Declension Nouns Nom regin-a regine Gen regin-e regin-arum Dat regin-e regin-is Acc regin-am regin-as Abl regin-a regin-is

  15. 2nd Declension Masculine Nouns Nom domin-us domin-i Gen domin-i domin-orum Dat domin-o domin-is Acc domin-um domin-os Abl domin-o domin-is

  16. 2nd Declension Neuter Nouns Nom prat-um prat-a Gen prat-i prat-orum Dat prat-o prat-is Acc prat-um prat-a Abl prat-o prat-is

  17. 4th Declension Feminine Nouns Nom man-us man-us Gen man-us man-uum Dat man-ui man-ibus Acc man-um man-us Abl man-u man-ibus

  18. 5th Declension Feminine Nouns Nom r-es r-es Gen r-ei r-erum Dat r-ei r-ebus Acc r-em r-es Abl r-e r-ebus

  19. 5th Declension Masculine Nouns Nom di-es di-es Gen di-ei di-erum Dat di-ei di-ebus Acc di-em di-es Abl di-e di-ebus

  20. Adjectives Must agree with noun they modify in case, number, and gender Adjective are of two paradigms; first and second declension third declension

  21. 1st and 2nd Declension Adjectives Masc. Fem. Neuter Nom bonus bona bonum Gen boni bone boni Dat bono bone bono Acc bonum bonam bonum Abl bono bona bono Nom boni bone bona Gen bonorum bonarum bonorum Dat bonis bonis bonis Acc bonos bonas bonos Abl bonis bonis bonis

  22. 2nd Conjugation Present Active Indicative present stem + personal endings tene + -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt e.g. teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus teneo tenemus tenes tenetis tenet tenent

  23. 1st Conjugation Perfect Active Indicative perfect stem + personal endings arav + -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt e.g. aro, arare, aravi, aratus aravi aravimus aravisti araistis aravit araverunt

  24. 2nd Conjugation Perfect Active Indicative perfect stem + personal endings tenu + -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt e.g. teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus tenui tenuimus tenuisti tenuistis tenuit tenuerunt

  25. 1st & 2nd Conjugation Future Active Indicative present stem + tense sign + personal endings ara + bi + -o, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt e.g. aro, arare, aravi, aratus arabo arabimus arabis arabitis arabit arabunt

  26. 1st – 4th Conjugation Imperfect Active Indicative present stem + tense sign + personal endings ara + ba + -m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt e.g. aro, arare, aravi, aratus arabam arabamus arabas arabatis arabat arabant

  27. 3rd Declension Masculine & Feminine Nouns masc. fem. Nom rex reg-es heres hered-es Gen reg-is reg-um hered-is hered-um Dat reg-i reg-ibus hered-i hered-ibus Acc reg-em reg-es hered-em hered-es Abl reg-e reg-ibus hered-e hered-ibus

  28. 3rd Declension Neuter Nouns neuter Nom nomen nomin-a Gen nomin-is nomen-um Dat nomin-i nomin-ibus Acc nomen nomin-a Abl nomin-e nomin-ibus

  29. 3rd Declension Adjectives Masc. Fem. Neuter Nom omnis omnis omne Gen omnis omnis omnis Dat omni omni omni Acc omnem omnem omne Abl omni omni omni Nom omnes omnes omnia Gen omnium omnium omnium Dat omnibus omnibus omnibus Acc omnes omnes omnes Abl omnibus omnibus omnibus

  30. Present Active Participles present stem + ns (nom. sing.), ntis (gen. sing.) ara + ns, ara + ntis e.g. aro, arare, aravi, aratus Declined as third declension adjective nom arans arantes gen arantis arantium dat aranti arantibus acc arantem arantes abl aranti arantibus

  31. Perfect Passive Participle 4th princilpe part aratus, -a, -um e.g. aro, arare, aravi, aratus Declined as 1st and 2nd declension adjectives

  32. Future Participle 4th principle part aratus, -a, -um change –s to –rus, -ra, -rum araturus, -a, -um Declined as 1st and 2nd declension adjectives

  33. Ablative Absolute an ablative construction independent of the grammar fidelitate facta Johannes admissus est tenens

  34. 3rd Conjugation Perfect Active Indicative perfect stem + personal endings dix + -i, -isti, -it, -imus, -istis, -erunt e.g. dico, dicere, dixi, dictus dixi diximus dixisti dixistis dixit dixerunt

  35. Future Perfect Active Indicative perfect stem + personal endings tenu + -ero, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint e.g. teneo, tenere, tenui, tentus tenuero tenuerimus tenueris tenueritis tenuerit tenuerint

  36. Active Infinitive Present = 2nd principle part aro, arare, aravi, aratus perfect = perfect stem = isse arav + isse aravisse future = future participle + esse aratu + rus + esse araturus esse

  37. Passive Infinitive Present = 2nd principle part, change –re to –ri arari 3rd conjugation, -i, e.g. tegere to tegi perfect = 4th principle part + esse aratus esse future = 4th principle part (n.) + iri aratum iri

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