Advances in Genetics

1. Advances in Genetics • Cut a rubber band with scissors. Handle scissors with care. • Make a new circle by taping a small piece of string to the ends of the rubber band. • You have modeled genetic engineering.

2. Human Inheritance • Section 2-3 • Advances in Genetics

3. Human Inheritance • Selective Breeding: • selecting a few organisms with desired traits Inbreeding: • crossing two individuals with identical alleles Hybridization: • crossing two genetically different individuals

4. Human Inheritance • Cloning: • an organism genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced Plants: • use cutting Animals: • genetically identical not necessarily physically identical

5. Advances in Genetics

6. Advances in Genetics

7. Advances in Genetics Scientists remove plasmids from bacterial cells. 1 2 Enzymes cut open the plasmids; they remove human insulin genes from chromosomes. Insulin genes attach to plasmids. 3 4 Bacterial cells take up the plasmids. The foreign genes direct the cells to produce human insulin. 5

8. Advances in Genetics Scientists remove plasmids from bacterial cells. 1 2 Enzymes cut open the plasmids; they remove human insulin genes from chromosomes. Insulin genes attach to plasmids. 3 4 Bacterial cells take up the plasmids. The foreign genes direct the cells to produce human insulin. 5

9. Advances in Genetics Scientists remove plasmids from bacterial cells. 1 2 Enzymes cut open the plasmids; they remove human insulin genes from chromosomes. Insulin genes attach to plasmids. 3 4 Bacterial cells take up the plasmids. The foreign genes direct the cells to produce human insulin. 5

10. Advances in Genetics Scientists remove plasmids from bacterial cells. 1 2 Enzymes cut open the plasmids; they remove human insulin genes from chromosomes. Insulin genes attach to plasmids. 3 4 Bacterial cells take up the plasmids. The foreign genes direct the cells to produce human insulin. 5

11. Advances in Genetics Scientists remove plasmids from bacterial cells. 1 2 Enzymes cut open the plasmids; they remove human insulin genes from chromosomes. Insulin genes attach to plasmids. 3 4 Bacterial cells take up the plasmids. The foreign genes direct the cells to produce human insulin. 5

12. Advances in Genetics Genetic Engineering Plasmids removed from bacteria. Insulin gene cut from human DNA. Bacterial cells take up plasmids. Insulin gene cut attached to plasmids. Bacteria produce human insulin. Plasmids cut with an enzyme.