Preview Activity

1. Reconstruction: 1865-1877 Preview Activity Standards: US.II 3a,3b,3c,4c

2. Safari Montage: Reconstruction Introduction • SAFARI Montage

3. What was “Reconstruction”? • After the Civil War, the South was devastated and bitter • Reconstruction was the re-building of the Union (particularly in the South) • Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that the former slaves had achieved • SAFARI Montage: Chapter 1(CHECK LINK)

4. Guided Reading Activity 17.1 • Read the paragraph and answer the accompanying questions

5. Lincoln’s Plan of Reconciliation • Reconciliation • To bring into agreement or harmony • To come together, forgiving and forgetting the past • Lincoln believed that preservation of the Union was more important than punishing the South. • SAFARI Montage (AKA: The 10% Plan)

6. Robert E. Lee: Pro-Reconciliation • Former Confederate General • Urged Southerners to reconcile with Northerners at the end of the war and reunite as Americans when some wanted to continue to fight • Became president of Washington College, which is now known as Washington and Lee University

7. Lincoln Assassinated • April 14th, 1865, Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theatre in D.C. by John Wilkes Booth • Died the next day, on April 15th, 1865

8. President Andrew Johnson • From Tennessee, a Confederate state • Agreed with Lincoln that states had never legally left the Union • SAFARI Montage

9. President Johnson’s Plan • Offered amnesty (forgiveness) to all Southerners who took a simple oath, or promise of loyalty, EXCEPT Confederate officers • State constitutions had to deny slavery and secession EFFECTS • Certain leading Confederates could not vote • They just gained power in state governments • Same old, same old!

10. Reconstruction Amendments • Passed by Congress to help with Reconstruction • Guaranteed equal protection under the law • 13th Amendment (1865) • 14th Amendment (1868) • 15th Amendment (1870) • Helpful phrase: “FREE CITIZENS VOTE!”

11. 13th Amendment • Abolished (banned) slavery in the U.S. and its territories • "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” • SAFARI Montage

12. 14th Amendment • Rules that you are a citizen if you are born in the U.S. or its territories • “All persons born or naturalized in the United States…are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.” • SAFARI Montage

13. 15th Amendment • It is illegal to deny someone the right to vote based on race • "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” • SAFARI Montage

14. Reconstruction Amendments • Primary Source Activity and Foldable

15. DILI 3a: Reconstruction Amendments

16. Historical Perspectives • POLITICAL • Associated with “politics” • Involves government, public office, rights, laws, etc. • SOCIAL • Associated with “society” • Involves race, gender, age and other ways of grouping people • ECONOMIC • Associated with the “economy” • Involves money, business, trade, jobs, etc.

17. Policies and Problems of Reconstruction: SCREAM Notes

18. Southern Reaction to Reconstruction: Black Codes • Purpose was to control daily life for freedmen • Kept them working on plantations and farming • Received the same old treatment • Forced many former slaves to become “sharecroppers” • SAFARI Montage

19. Cycle of Sharecropping *Sharecropping Activity

20. “SCREAM” Your Frustrations! • Read the directions in your note packet to write down what frustrations you would address with President Johnson regarding the Reconstruction policies

21. Northern Soldiers Supervised the South

23. Civil Rights Act of 1866 • Gave full citizenship to African Americans • Stated that the federal government would enforce the law • Overturned the Black Codes

24. Carpetbaggers • Men from the North that went to the South after the Civil War to make money from the people of the South

25. Freedmen’s Bureau • Established to help former slaves go to school • SAFARI Montage

26. Compromise of 1877 • Reconstruction ended in 1877 as a result of a compromise over the outcome of the election of 1876 • Republicans (mostly in the North) ended the military occupation of the South in exchange for having their candidate Rutherford B. Hayes become President • Safari Montage: (Stop at Plessy vs. Ferguson)

28. “Who Killed Reconstruction?” • DBQ Class Set Reading and Questions

29. DILI 3b: Reconstruction Policies/Problems

30. Quick Review • Reconstruction attempted to give meaning to the freedom that former slaves had achieved, as well as rebuilt the South.

32. Reconstruction Amendments • FREE CITIZENS VOTE! • 13th Amendment – banned slavery • 14th Amendment – established citizenship • 15th Amendment – can’t deny the vote based on race • ALL – guarantee equal protection under the law

33. Reconstruction’s Continuing Legacy - “Jim Crow” Era • Late 1800s to mid-1960s when Southern states required racial segregation in public schools, transportation, and other public facilities • Racial segregation • Based upon race • Directed primarily against African Americans but other groups were also kept segregated (American Indians were not considered citizens until 1924).

34. Reconstruction and Segregation • Segregation means to separate by race • African Americans and whites were separated in public places (“racial segregation”) • “Jim Crow” laws were passed to discriminate against African Americans • They legalized segregation. • SAFARI Montage

36. Racial Segregation • Explain or describe this cartoon:

37. Plessy v. Ferguson • Supreme Court case in 1896 that maintained segregation • “Separate but equal” was legal

38. Examples of Jim Crow Laws • Buses: “All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored races.” Alabama • Railroads: “The conductor of each passenger train is authorized and required to assign each passenger to the car or the division of the car, when it is divided by a partition, designated for the race to which such passenger belongs.” Alabama • Restaurants: “It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored persons are effectually separated by a solid partition extending from the floor upward to a distance of seven feet or higher, and unless a separate entrance from the street is provided for each compartment.” Alabama • Education: “The schools for white children and the schools for negro children shall be conducted separately.” Florida

39. Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan • Founded in Tennessee by 6 rebels • Became the most powerful secret society in the South • Members threatened, beat, and even killed African Americans • Burned schools and churches in night raids • Disrupted elections (there were more than 100,000 more eligible African American voters than white) • SAFARI Montage

40. Establishment of the Ku Klux Klan • Today • About 100 different chapters • As many as 5,000 members • Strongest in the South and Midwest • Monitored by the FBI for hate crimes and Civil Rights violations

41. Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow • Violated the Reconstruction Amendments which guaranteed equal protection under the law for all born in the U.S.

42. Rights Lost Due to Jim Crow • The right to vote • The right to serve on juries • Made discrimination legal in many communities and states • Unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government

43. Frederick Douglass • Former slave and human rights activist • Fought for adoption of constitutional amendments that guaranteed voting rights • Was a powerful voice for human rights and civil liberties, or rights and freedoms, for all (including women and minorities) • Biography Link

44. Reconstruction Legacies: Lincoln, Lee, Douglass Notes • Complete the review page for these three gentlemen.

45. DILI 3c: Reconstruction Legacies

46. Booker T. Washington • Believed equality could be achieved through vocational education / job training • Established the Tuskegee Institute • Accepted social segregation • Ways to remember him: • “T” for training/Tuskegee • “Book” for education

48. W.E.B. DuBois • Believed in full political, civil, and social rights for African Americans • Helped to found the NAACP • Believed in immediate integration (no segregation) • Ways to remember him: • Wanted “D’bois and d’girls full freedom!” • SAFARI Montage

49. Reconstruction Legacies: Washington and DuBois • Complete the review page for these two gentlemen.

50. Comparing Washington and DuBois • Use the class set readings to fill in the facts about Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois. • Think: • Where are they from? • What are their backgrounds? • What did they believe? • How did their peers respond to them?