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Chapter Eight:

Chapter Eight:. Employment and Unemployment. Paid Work and Unemployment in the United States. Figure 8.1: Who is in the Labor Force?. Are you: Under age 16? In an institution? On active duty in the military?. NOT SURVEYED BY THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 70.7 million. A.

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Chapter Eight:

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  1. Chapter Eight: Employment and Unemployment

  2. Paid Work and Unemployment in the United States

  3. Figure 8.1: Who is in the Labor Force? • Are you: • Under age 16? • In an institution? • On active duty in the military? NOT SURVEYED BY THE BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 70.7 million A “Yes” to any question “No” to all questions in Box A • Did you: • Work at all last week for pay or profit? • Work 15 hours or more in a family business? B EMPLOYED 143.5 million “Yes”to either question LABOR FORCE 155.5 million “No” to both questions in Box B C UNEMPLOYED 12.0 million • Have you been actively searching for work? • Are you available to start a job? “Yes”to both questions NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE 89.3 million “No” to either question in Box C Source: BLS News Release, “The Employment Situation—February 2013,” March 8, 2013; U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Clock.

  4. Table 8.1: Unemployment Rates for Different Groups Source: BLS News Release, “The Employment Situation—February 2013,” March 8, 2013. a People are allowed to indicate more than one racial group. However, data from people who indicated more than one race are not included in these statistics.

  5. Figure 8.2: Male and Female Labor Force Participation Rates, Aged 24 to 54, 1948-2012 Men Women Sources: Mosisa, Abraham, and Steven Hipple, “Trends in Labor Force Participation in the United States,” BLS Monthly Labor Review, p. 35–57, October 2006; BLS 2013 Employment and Earnings Online, Household Survey Data, Table 3; various editions of the Statistical Abstract of the United States

  6. Unemployment

  7. Figure 8.3: The Monthly Unemployment Rate in the United States, 1969-2013 UnemploymentRate 1969-1970 1973-1975 1980 1981-1982 1990-1991 2001 2007-2009 Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics online database

  8. Figure 8.4: Average Duration of Unemployment and Unemployment Rate, 1970-2012 Unemployment Rate Average Duration of Unemployment Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics online database

  9. Theories of Employment, Unemployment, and Wages

  10. Figure 8.5a: The Classical Labor Market Model Wage Supply WE Demand Quantity of Labor LE

  11. Figure 8.5b: Unemployment in the Classical Labor Market Model Wage Labor Surplus (Unemployment) Supply W* Demand Quantity of Labor LD LS

  12. Figure 8.6: Real Nonfarm Median Wages and Labor Productivity, 1947-2012 Real Nonfarm Labor Productivity (1947=1) Real Nonfarm Hourly Wages (1947=1) Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Labor Productivity and Costs online database

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