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Recruitment of the Pre-motor Area in Human Inductive Reasoning: an FMRI Study

Recruitment of the Pre-motor Area in Human Inductive Reasoning: an FMRI Study. Shengfu Lu, Peipeng Liang, Yanhui Yang & Kuncheng Li Presented by Michael Ycasas. What is Inductive Reasoning?.

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Recruitment of the Pre-motor Area in Human Inductive Reasoning: an FMRI Study

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  1. Recruitment of the Pre-motor Area in Human Inductive Reasoning: an FMRI Study Shengfu Lu, Peipeng Liang, Yanhui Yang & Kuncheng Li Presented by Michael Ycasas

  2. What is Inductive Reasoning? • Defined as the process of inferring a general rule (conclusion) by observation and analysis of specific instances (premises)

  3. What is Inductive Reasoning? • Defined as the process of inferring a general rule (conclusion) by observation and analysis of specific instances (premises) • e.g. The Power Rangers were defeated last Thursday The Power Rangers were defeated this Thursday Therefore, the Power Ranger will be defeated next Thursday.

  4. What is Inductive Reasoning? • e.g.

  5. Past studies on Inductive reasoning • Bilateral rostrolateral PFC, and the right dorsolateral PFC activation (Christoff et al, 2001) • Left dorsolateral prefrontal gyrus showed greater activity during induction (Goel and Dolan, 2004) • Recruitment of the pre-motor cortex in inductive reasoning (Goel et al., 1997; Goel & Dolan, 2004; Christoff et al., 2001; Parsons & Osherson, 2001)

  6. Conflict in past studies • PMC’s clear role in induction

  7. Conflict in past studies • PMC’s clear role in induction • Past experimental method issues: • a. Button-pressing task • b. Effect of background knowledge induced by experimental tasks

  8. Methods

  9. Rule Acquisition Rule Application

  10. Results • Induction Task vs Calculation Task • brain region activations were consistent with past studies - PMC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and others.

  11. Results and DiscussionGoing back to PMC Issues: • Was PMC simply activated because of button-pressing?

  12. Results and DiscussionGoing back to PMC Issues: • Was PMC simply activated because of button-pressing?

  13. Results and DiscussionWhat is the role of pmc in induction? • Different roles of the left and right PMC • Left – non spatial task • Right – spatial task (Gitelman et al.,1996; Haxby et al.,1994)

  14. the role of the leftpmc in induction?pmc and relation synthesis • General and Holistic view of PMC(in relation to PFC) • Trend: Medial PMC (internally guided movements) vs Lateral PMC (externally guided movements) (Schubotz & Cramon,2003) • Similar trend in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (Christoff et al, 2001) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • DLPFC mediate rule application after rule acquisition (Strange et al, 2001)

  15. the role of the leftpmc in induction?pmc and relation synthesis • General and Holistic view of PMC(in relation to PFC) • Trend: Medial PMC (internally guided movements) vs Lateral PMC (externally guided movements) (Schubotz & Cramon,2003) • Similar trend in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (Christoff et al, 2001) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • DLPFC mediate rule application after rule acquisition (Strange et al, 2001) • Therefore, PMC exhibits the same function as DLPFC.

  16. the role of the leftpmc in induction?pmc and relation synthesis • General and Holistic view of PMC(in relation to PFC) • Trend: Medial PMC (internally guided movements) vs Lateral PMC (externally guided movements) (Schubotz & Cramon,2003) • Similar trend in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (Christoff et al, 2001) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • DLPFC mediate rule application after rule acquisition (Strange et al, 2001) • Therefore, PMC exhibits the same function as DLPFC.

  17. Conclusion • Inductive Reasoning is a content-based process • Left PMC – implicit process of relation synthesis • Right PMC – spatial information processing

  18. Issues • PMC activation due to Short term memory??? • PMC may maintain a short term representation of structured dynamics (Geake & Hansen, 2005) (The NEED to remember the arithmetic rule!!)

  19. opinion/criticism corner • Not persuaded with the conclusion ....

  20. opinion/criticism corner

  21. opinion/criticism corner • 2 different brain regions = similar function b/c “they are adjacent” – (reasoning behind Relation Synthesis)??

  22. That is all. No Questions allowed!!!

  23. opinion/criticism(s) corner If PMC exhibit 1 then DLPFC exhibit 1 DLPFC exhibit 2 --------------------------------------------------- PMC exhibit 1

  24. opinion/criticism(s) corner If PMC exhibit 1 then DLPFC exhibit 1, DLPFC exhibit 2 --------------------------------------------------- PMC exhibit 1 Is the same as saying that..... If Pregnant then Woman, Woman ---------------------------------------------------- Pregnant ---x---- not true!

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