Nervous System Quiz

1. Nervous System Quiz

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3. 1. Identify this structure (region indicated, black). • Dorsal funiculis • Dorsal horn • Ependymal canal • Ventral funiculus • Ventral horn :30

4. 2. Identify this structure (arrow, black). • Dorsal funiculis • Dorsal horn • Ependymal canal • Ventral funiculus • Ventral horn :30

5. 3. Classify these 3 neuron types from left to right. • Bipolar, multipolar, pseudounipolar • Bipolar, pseudounipolar, multipolar • Larry, Curly, Moe • Multipolar, bipolar, pseudounipolar • Pseudounipolar, multipolar, bipolar :30

6. 4. What protein is primarily responsible for axonal retrograde flow? • Dynein • Kinesin • Lipofuscin • Nissl substance • Perikaryon :30

7. 5. You’ve just baked a beautiful apple pie. The smell and taste of it are examples of peripheral nervous system inputs sent to the CNS by … • Afferent neurons • Autonomic ganglia • Efferent neurons • Glial cells • Motor neurons :30

8. 6. The apple pie from the previous question was too hot and burned your finger when you touched it. A response by the CNS is sent to skeletal muscle to retract your finger using … • Afferent neurons • Autonomic ganglia • Glial cells • Motor neurons • Pyramidal neurons :30

9. 7. Multiple sclerosis is an auto-immune disorder which leads to demyleination of axons and disruption of signal transduction. The Schwann cell myelinates axons in the peripheral nervous system. What cell performs the same function in the CNS? • Astrocyte • Ependymal cell • Fibrous astrocyte • Microgliocyte • Oligodendrocyte :30

10. 8. The glialimitans is the outermost layer of proper nervous tissue of the brain and spinal cord, underneath the pia mater. Which neuroglial cell type primarily forms this structure? • Ependymal cell • Fibrous astrocyte • Microglial cell • Oligodendrocyte • Protoplasmic astrocyte :30

11. 9. Identify this structure (arrow, white). • Axon • Dendrite • Erythrocyte • Nissl body • Nucleolus :30

12. 10. Identify this synapse type (circled, red). • Axoaxonic • Axodendritic • Axosomatic • Postsynaptic • Presynaptic :30

13. 11. In this schematic diagram the presynaptic terminal is shown releasing a neurotransmitter (yellow and orange spheres indicated with white arrows) into a space termed the _____. • Action potential space • Mid-synapse • Postsynaptic terminal • Synaptic cleft • Synaptic vesicle :30

14. 12. Glialfibrillary acidic protein, an intermediate filament protein, is now known to be expressed in several cell types, however, it is still identified as key marker for this CNS cell type. • Astrocyte • Ependymal cell • Microgliocyte • Oligodendrocyte • Schwann cell :30

15. 13. Identify these cells (arrows, black). • Astrocytes • Fibrous astrocytes • Microgliocytes • Oligodendrocytes • Purkinje neurons :30

16. 14. The choroid plexuses, which produce CSF, are essentially specialized structures involving which two epithelial cell types? • Endothelial cell + Fibroblast • Ependymal cell + endothelial cell • Goblet cell + ependymal cell • Keratinocyte + endothelial cell • Serous cell + Endocardium :30

17. 15. The neuroglialmicrogliocyte derives from which blood-borne precursor? • Macrophage • Monocyte • Plasma cell • Purkinje cell • Pyramidal neuron :30

18. 16. Which cellular junction is primarily responsible for the formation of the blood-CSF barrier within the choroid plexuses? • Astrocyte • Desmosome • Fascia adherens • Gap junction • Zonulaoccludens :30

19. 17. Which cell type lines this space (arrow, black)? • Astrocyte • Ependymal cell • Fibroblast • Purkinje neuron • Pyramidal cell Central Canal of spinal cord :30

20. 18. Classify this connective tissue (arrows, black). • Endocardium • Endoneurium • Endothelium • Perineurium • Percicardium :30

21. 20. Identify this cell of the spinal cord (arrow, black). • Astrocyte • Macrophage • Motor neuron • Purkinje cell • Pyramidal neuron :30

22. 21. Identify this cell (arrow, black). • Astrocyte • Dorsal root ganglion neuron • Oligodendrocyte • Primordial follicle • Schwann cell :30

23. 22. The autonomic nervous system has 3 target effectors – glands, cardiac muscle and …. • Astrocytes • Ependymal cells • Fibroblasts • Smooth muscle • Striated muscle :30

24. 23. Identify this layer (arrow, black). • Granular layer • Grey matter • Molecular layer • Purkinje layer • White matter :30 200x

25. 24. What is true of an efferent sympathetic impulse from the ANS? • An axon is not needed • First neuron is always in the CNS • Nissl substance is destroyed • Purkinje cells are always involved • Retrograde axonal flow stops :30

26. 25. Your patient received blunt head trauma that resulted in memory loss and intracranial swelling. You suspect that cells of the brain were excessively damaged. Which of the following cells phagocytize the cellular debris created by neural damage? • Ependymal cells • Fibrous astrocytes • Microglial cells • Oligodendrocytes • Protoplasmic astrocytes :30

27. 26. Which of the following form the choroid plexus? • Arachnoid barrier cells • Ependymal cells and endothelium • Meningealdura • Pia mater and arachnoid • Pia mater and the overlying epithelium :30

28. 27. Which of the following serve to allow CSF to exit the subarachnoid space? • Arachnoid barrier cells • Arachnoidvilli • Choroid plexus • Fenestrated capillaries • Vessels within the subarachnoid space :30

29. 28. A pathologist is examining a stained section of an unknown tissue. He notices cells with an extremely large, flask-shaped body and multiple dendrites lying in parallel. Which of the following tissues is the pathologist examining? • Cerebellar cortex • Cerebral cortex • Gray matter of the spinal cord • White matter of cerebrum • White matter of the spinal cord :30

30. 29. During early brain development, myelination of axons is a critical event. Which of the following cells is responsible for this important function? • Fibrous astrocytes • Microglial cells • Oligodendrocytes • Protoplasmic astrocytes • Schwann cells :30

31. 32. Which of the following events occurs immediately after an action potential reaches an axon terminal at its synapse? • Binding of the neurotransmitter to the presynaptic terminal • Calcium ion influx at the presynaptic terminal • Neurotransmitter binding to the receptor on the postsynaptic terminal • Neurotransmitter release into the synaptic cleft • Vesicle fusion with the presynaptic terminal membrane :30

32. 33. A 60-year old woman has suffered from a neurologic disorder for several years. Analysis of the CSF revealed the presence of antibodies to myelin proteins. From which of the following disorders does she suffer? • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis • Guillain-Barre syndrome • Multiple sclerosis • Oligodendroglioma • Parkinson’s disease :30

33. 34. A brain tumor is removed and analyzed by immunocytochemistry. It was shown that the tumor expressed high levels of glialfibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Which of the following tumors was being analyzed? • Astrocytoma • Ependymoma • Meningioma • Neuroblastoma • Oligodendroglioma :30

34. 35. Tissue from the CNS of an 80-year old man is examined by electron microscopy. Cells in this tissue sample have several residual bodies and lipofuscin within their cytoplasm. Which of the following cells are being described? • Astrocytes • Endothelial cells of capillaries • Fibroblasts of dura mater • Neurons • Oilgodendrocytes :30

35. 36. Which of the following cellular structures is found within the cytoplasm of perikarya but is not within axoplasm? • Membrane-bound vesicles • Microtubules • Mitochondria • Neurofilaments • Rough endoplasmic reticulum :30

36. 37. Which of the following structures prevent toxic materials from attacking an axon of a peripheral nerve? • Clefts of Schwann cells • Endoneurium • Epineurium • Neurolemma • Perineurium :30

37. 39. Which of the following is a primary component or characteristic of a sensory ganglion? • Multipolar neurons • Neurons with eccentric nuclei • Pseudounipolar neurons • Scattered neuron cell bodies • Synaptic contacts :30

38. 41. Which of the following is the most critical event in regeneration of a peripheral nerve? • Chromatolysis of the damaged perikaryon • Distal axon degeneration • Hypertrophy of Schwann cells • Phagocytic activity of macrophages • Proliferation of Schwann cells :30

39. 43. Which of the following components of the meninges are most similar to the endoneurium that covers a peripheral nerve? • Arachnoid border cells • Dural border cells • Meningealdura • Pia mater • Subarachnoid space :30

40. 44. Which of the following best characterizes the difference in myelinated axons of the PNS compared with the CNS? • All axons have nodes of Ranvier • All axons surrounded by Schwann cells • No intraperiod line • No myelin basic protein • Schwann cells myelinate at multiple axonal cites :30

41. 45. Which of the following structures primarily functions to monitor the degree of stretch of muscles? • Golgi tendon organ • Merkel’s disk • Myoneural junction • Neuromuscular spindle • Pacinian corpuscle :30

42. 46. Which of the following cells of the PNS functions equivalent to the oligodendrocyte within the CNS? • Endothelial cells • Fibroblasts • Macrophages • Satellite cells • Schwann cells :30