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UTM

UTM. Eugenio Diotalevi. U-space is a set of new services relying on a high level of digitalisation and automation of functions and specific procedures designed to support safe, efficient and secure access to airspace for large numbers of drones.

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  1. UTM Eugenio Diotalevi XXIV Congresso

  2. U-space is a set of new services relying on a high level of digitalisation and automation of functions and specific procedures designed to support safe, efficient and secure access to airspace for large numbers of drones. As such, U-space is an enabling framework designed to facilitate any kind of routine mission, in all classes of airspace and all types of environment - even the most congested - while addressing an appropriate interface with manned aviation and air traffic control. In support of this initiative, in 2017 the SESAR Joint Undertaking drafted the U-space blueprint, a vision of how to make U-space operationally possible. XXIV Congresso

  3. U1: U-space foundation services covering e-registration, e-identification and geofencing. • U2: U-space initial services for drone operations management, including flight planning, flight approval, tracking, and interfacing with conventional air traffic control. • U3: U-space advanced services supporting more complex operations in dense areas such as assistance for conflict detection and automated detect and avoid functionalities. • U4: U-space full services, offering very high levels of automation, connectivity and digitalisation for both the drone and the U-space system. The blueprint proposes the implementation of 4 sets of services to support the EU aviation strategy and regulatory framework on drones: XXIV Congresso

  4. VLL: Very Low-Level airspace Manned aircraft must generally remain above a certain minimum safe altitude, defined in the SERA as 500ft above any obstacle within a radius of 150m, except with permission, or when taking off or landing. Over a populated area, it must not fly less than 1000ft above the highest fixed object within 600m of the aircraft. Member states are allowed to modify the low flying rule to suit their jurisdiction. Very Low-Level (VLL) airspace is the airspace below this minimum safe altitude It is not empty. It is used by gliders and paragliders, emergency (HEMS) aircraft, aircraft landing and taking off, etc. XXIV Congresso

  5. 2017-09-01 > 2019-08-31 Cost: Total EUR 2 003 651,25 EU Contr. EUR 800 000 Starting from the U-Space blueprint and from the ATM Master Plan update, the project will produce detailed definitions of the services necessary for VLL drone operations. https://www.sesarju.eu/projects/corus The project involves nine partner organizations: DFS, DLR, DSNA, ENAV, EUROCONTROL (leading), HEMAV, NATS, Unifly and UPC XXIV Congresso

  6. Specifically CORUS will: Establish and clearly describe a concept of operations. Develop clear use cases for nominal scenarios and describe how losses of safety in non-nominal situations (e.g. contingency, emergency …) can be minimized. Address drones operations in uncontrolled airspace as well as in and around controlled or protected airspace (e.g. airfields). Develop a concept enabling safe interaction with all different classes of airspace users taking into account contingencies and emergencies, and making clear any assumptions about the volumes of traffic. Examine non-aviation aspects, identifying key issues for society (e.g. safety and privacy, noise …) and offering solutions to ease social acceptance Identify necessary services and technical development, quantifying the level of safety and performance required and proposing an initial architecture description. XXIV Congresso

  7. VLL is divided into three basic configurations according to the services provided: X: No conflict resolution service is offered. Y: Only pre-flight conflict resolution is offered. Z: Pre-flight conflict resolution and in flight separation are offered. CONFORMING UAS operators VLOS COLLABORATIVE UAS operators BVLOS Zu: separation managed by UTM Autonoumous COOPERATIVE UAS operators Za: separations managed by ATM XXIV Congresso

  8. Access requirements • X • There are few basic requirements on the operator, the pilot or the drone. • The pilot remains responsible for collision avoidance. • VLOS and EVLOS flight are easily possible. • Other flight modes in X require (significant) risk mitigation. • Y • An approved operation plan • A pilot trained for Y operation • A remote piloting station connected to U-space • A drone and remote piloting station capable of position reporting • Y airspaces may also have specific technical requirements attached to them • Z • An approved operation plan • A pilot trained for Z operation and/or a compatible, connected automatic drone • A remote piloting station connected to U-space • A drone and remote piloting station capable of position reporting • Z airspaces may also have specific technical requirements attached to them, most probably that the drone be fitted with collaborative detect and avoid system for collision avoidance. XXIV Congresso

  9. Considerations • VFR and IFR should avoid type X airspace. • BVLOS can enter type X airspace only if the air risk is mitigated. • In type X airspace, if a VFR aircraft is planned to fly in such airspace at a known altitude, mitigation could involve limiting the drone’s altitude to a safe height below the VFR flight by means of a tactical NDZ. • In the types Y and Z airspace, every operation will be known to U-Space and can be brought to a manned aircraft pilot’s attention before they take off. • Manned aircraft operating in types Y and Z airspace would be able to request a permanent or ad-hoc “no drone zone” (e.g. hospital or building with heliport) based on drone activity. • A layer dedicated to manned aircraft (e.g. HEMS and police helicopters, urban mobility) above 500ft over urban areas could also be envisaged, where justified. It is foreseen that two new sets of rules are required at low level –Low-level Flight Rules (LFR), - and High Level (HFR), which would accompany the current VFR and IFR. XXIV Congresso

  10. IFATCA AAS 1.10 OPERATIONAL USE OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT (UA) ATC should not have to apply different rules or work with different criteria in order to handle UA. From the air traffic controller’s perspective, the provision of ATS to an UA must be transparent. This includes all stages of the flight from pre-notification to landing. There should be no difference in RTF, landline communications or transponder data procedures nor should the controller have to apply different rules or different criteria. IFATCA Policy is: IFATCA is opposed to the operations of any autonomous aircraft in non-segregated airspace. All Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) operations in non- segregated airspace must be in full compliance with ICAO requirements. Whether the pilot is onboard or not shall be irrelevant for the purposes of air traffic control, therefore the same division of responsibilities and liabilities as manned aircraft shall apply. ATCOs shall not be held liable for incidents or accidents resulting from the operations of RPAS that are not in compliance with ICAO requirements, in non-segregated airspace. Standardized procedures, training and guidance material shall be provided before integrating RPAS into the Civil Aviation System. IFATCA encourages education and awareness campaigns on the use of RPAS for the general public. IFATCA urges the development and implementation of technology to prevent airspace infringements by Unmanned Aircraft. Contingency procedures and controller training shall be provided for the management of XXIV Congresso

  11. Droni: la sfida futura XXIV Congresso

  12. La sfida sarà tra come dovranno essere utilizzate le informazioni raccolte e come potranno essere scambiate Progresso: promessa di vita più sicura, di comodità, benessere circolare che va a vantaggio di tutti. Libertà e sicurezza Beck: rischio e sicurezza, sottolinea e che «sotto l’unico tetto dei rischi della modernizzazione, prima o poi, responsabili e vittime finiscono col coincidere» l’«effetto sociale di circolarità dei pericoli», * *(U. Beck, 2016 "La società del rischio - Verso una seconda modernità”) Si deve sviluppare una nuova cultura aeronautica XXIV Congresso

  13. Procedure specifiche e Fornitura dei servizi di navigazione aerea …alle operazioni SAPR….. non sono forniti i servizi di traffico aereo e salvo specifica disposizione da parte di ENAC per particolari operazioni e previo accordo con il fornitore dei SNA competente, in deroga alle previsioni di cui al Regolamento (UE) n. 923/2012 (SERA) e al Regolamento ENAC Regole dell’Aria Italia (RAIT)

  14. Regolamento ENAC Mezzi Aerei a Pilotaggio Remoto Ed. 2 del 16 luglio 2015 Em. 4 del 21 maggio 2018 Ai sensi del Reg. del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio (CE) n. 216/2008, sono di competenza ENAC i SAPR di massa operativa al decollo minore di 25 kg. e i SAPR con massa operativa al decollo maggiore di 25 kg e non superiore a 150kg. XXIV Congresso

  15. Il cambiamento Reg. EASA • If no objections are raised by the EU Parliament or by the EU Council, both acts will be published before the summer of 2019 and the regulation will become gradually applicable within a year of publication • 28 February 2019 EASA Committee approved the EC’s proposal for an Implementing Act to regulate the operations of UAS • It was adopted by the EC on 12 March 2019 and sent to the EU Parliament and to the EU Council for the mandatory 2 months scrutiny period 

  16. Nuovo Regolamento Europeo Le operazioni di UAS in Europa saranno classificate in 3 categorie principali: la categoria ”open" è una categoria di operazioni UAS che, tenuto conto dei rischi connessi, non richiede autorizzazione preventiva da parte dell'autorità competente né una dichiarazione dell'operatore dell'UAS prima che l'operazione abbia luogo Le operazioni NON sono soggette ad AUTORIZZAZIONE o DICHIARAZIONE PREVENTIVA (NO MissionApproval NO MissionDeclaration). categoria "specific" categoria di operazioni UAS che, considerati i rischi connessi, richiede autorizzazione da parte dell'autorità competente prima dell'operazione, tenendo conto delle misure di mitigazione individuate in una valutazione del rischio operativo, fatta eccezione per alcuni scenari standard in cui una dichiarazione da parte dell'operatore è sufficiente la categoria 'certified' categoria di operazioni UA che, considerando i rischi coinvolti, richiede la certificazione, pilota remoto con licenza e un operatore approvato dall'autorità competente, al fine di garantire un adeguato livello di sicurezza. Il regolamento proposto si concentra sulle categorie ”open" e "specific" . XXIV Congresso

  17. CommissionImplementingRegulation + Annex:OPEN CATEGORYSottocategorie: A1 A2 A3A1: A2: A3 • Ambiente operativo • 50m orizzontali persone non • coinvolte, o 5m se installato • un LOW SPEED MODE • limitato a 3m/s • Tipo di DRONE • C2 < 4 kg • Pilota competenze • certificato di competenza • emesso da autorità • competente o da Centro • riconosciuto dall’Autorità, a • seguito di: • - training ed esame online • come per A1 • - self-pratical training • - training ed esame on line • addizionale preparato da • autorità competente o da • Centro riconosciuto da • autorità ma CON MATERIE • AGGIUNTIVE • Ambiente operativo • no presenza di persone • non coinvolte; • 150m da aree: • - residenziali, • - commerciali, • - industriali o ricreativi • Tipo di DRONE • C3 < 25 kg • C4 < 25 kg • Pilota competenze • training ed esame online • come per A1 • Ambiente operativo • sorvolo persone non coinvolte • Tipo di DRONE • C0 < 250 g • C1 < 900 g V < 19m/sec E < 80J • Pilota competenze • training ed esame online • preparato da autorità competente • o CA (Centro Addestramento) • riconosciuto dall’Autorità XXIV Congresso

  18. PERIODO TRANSITORIO • Registrazione • per TUTTI su d-flight • Dichiarazione per SCENARI STANDARD • Autorizzazione ENAC per SCENARI NON STANDARD • Formazione Pilota • Attestato rilasciato dai CA approvati • Syllabus rivisto in coerenza con EASA • Prova pratica • Certificato medico NON richiesto Operazioni possibili: OPEN CRITICHE SPECIFIC NON CRITICHE e RICREATIVE • Registrazione • per TUTTI su • d-flight • Training online • Test online • NO Declaration • Formazione Pilota • Dichiarazione di competenza

  19. Il cambiamento Il regolamento EASA varrà in tutti i Paesi dell’Unione Europea più Svizzera, Norvegia, Islanda e Liechtenstein. un mercato da quasi 600 milioni di persone. Ci sarà un set di regole e principi comuni, ma gli Stati membri hanno discreto margine di manovra. Ad esempio la gestione degli spazi aerei, ATZ e CTR, sarà di esclusiva competenza degli stati nazionali. Ipotesi di Regole di accesso agli ATZ e CTR • Ev. revisione, di accesso per tutti ai CTR ad una quota massima predefinita o diverse quote modulate a seconda della distanza dagli aeroporti in ATZ, ma ancora non ci sono certezze.  Ci sono norme transitorie che attendono di essere integrate nel regolamento ENAC per essere attive secondo i termini che prevede la nostra Auhority nazionale. Fino ad allora vale integralmente il regolamento nazionale ENAC. XXIV Congresso

  20. Come dovrà evolvere il mondo ATM/ATC  per accogliere integrare lo U-Space? Oggil'integrazionesicuradeidroni e la crescitadell'industria unmanned (UA) rappresentano una dellemaggiorisfide Per conseguirequestoobiettivo è necessaria la cooperazione, ilcoordinamentointerdisciplinaretra I diversisettori e soggettiinteressati e coinvolti. Necessità di Integrazione della valutazione del rischio operativo ed approccio olistico tra: Airspace Design / U-Space SVC Provision /ATS Provision /AIS, MET/Flow information Integration with ATM/ATS and U-Space/UTM SVC XXIV Congresso

  21. Cosa ci dovremo aspettare? L'implementazione e lo sviluppo di “d-flight” si evolve con e per il nuovo concetto e sviluppo dello U-space è già iniziata. Anticipando il progetto UE U-space e fornendo conformità nazionale al regolamento EASA sulla categoria “OPEN”. Consentendo operazioni progressivamente più complesse, dal VLOS specializzato (Visual Line Of Sight) fino al normale BVLOS (Beyond Visual Line Of Sight ) e voli autonomi. XXIV Congresso

  22. XXIV Congresso

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