A UK Atom Interferometer Observatory and Network OUTLINE REPORT for QSFP & Stanford Visit

1. Oliver Buchmueller(Imperial College) and Jon Coleman (Liverpool) A UK Atom Interferometer Observatory and Network OUTLINE REPORT for QSFP & Stanford Visit

2. Outline Report for QSFP - Timeline • Quantum Sensors for Fundamental Physics - Next Steps • 4 Dec. 2018 Groups self organise and produce outline paper, identify work package leadership and writing team request support for workshop & travel. • January consortium meeting to hear presentations from each workpackage, cross-fertilise, give feedback, merge if required, last chance of any late-breaking new ideas [looks like it will be Jan 17th] • End March 2018 Draft workpackages due for review by International Review Board • End April 2018 Final workpackages due for review by International Review Board, formal costingsinitiated • Commencing March begin bi-weekly meetings for group charged with developing the wider aspect of the proposal including metadata & coordinating with STFC/EPSRC towards submission • May 2019 consortium meeting to review and sign off the proposal Mid- June proposal submission

3. OUTLINE REPORT - Content • Summarise scope and physics case of the project • Will revert to the STFC Big Ideas proposal, which was selected as a priority project. • Define core team & core collaboration • Define (high-level) workpackages and overall budget (rough)

4. OUTLINE REPORT - Content • Summarise scope and physics case of the project • Will revert to the STFC Big Ideas proposal, which was selected as a priority project. • Define core team & core collaboration • Define (high-level) workpackages and overall budget (rough)

5. Core Team & (First) Collaboration • To prepare a strong proposal it is essential now to start forming a collaboration of interested UK institutions. • Given the history and the, so far, expressed interest, we assume that the seed for the first collaboration would be members from: • Birmingham, Imperial, Liverpool, NPL, Oxford, and RAL • Together for with theory support, this will form the core team working towards the full proposal that is due in June 2019. • Needless to say, the nature of the proposal and its narrative demand that there is an open and sensible way to join this project in the future [e.g. as we proceeded towards a full proposal and after] but we have to start somewhere.

6. AION – A Staged Programme** • AION10: Stage 1 • 1 & 10 m Interferometers & full preparation for 100m Baseline • AION100: Stage 2 • 100m Construction & Commissioning • AIONKM: Stage 3 • Operating AI100 and planning for 1 km & Beyond **outlined in Big Ideas proposal

7. AION – A Staged Programme** • AION10: Stage 1 • 1 & 10 m Interferometers & full preparation for 100m Baseline • AION100: Stage 2 • 100m Construction & Commissioning • AIONKM: Stage 3 • Operating AI100 and planning for 1 km & Beyond **outlined in Big Ideas proposal

8. AION10: Year 1 to 2 (2 years): Scope • Stage 1 [year 1 to 2 in funding cycle] – 1 & 10 m Interferometers & Site Development for 100m Baseline • Form UK collaboration to design and construct a 10 m atom interferometer (AI10) based on AI1 and MAGIS designs. • Build 1 m fountains (AI1) in Liverpool and other places, to deliver benchmark results for AI10 and to form first UK AI network. • Collaborate with MAGIS to form the essential link with US. • Choose appropriate site to host the AI10 programme. • Collaborate with UK industry to develop the laser system, phase locking cavities, optics and cameras for AI10. • Start Prototype AI10 to demonstrate the technology and to establish UK expertise and leadership in the field.

9. AION10: Year 3 to 5 (3 years): Scope • Stage 1 [year 3 to 5in funding cycle] – 1 & 10 m Interferometers & Site Development for 100m Baseline • Commission AI10 with short baseline and compare with AI1. • Build physics programme for AI1/A10 and work towards the case for AI100. • Design work for 100m atom interferometer (AI100) in a tower or a shaft. • Build 2nd AI-10 to share expertise and to train people. • Demonstrate use of two AI-10s working in simultaneously to pave the way for AI‑100 and km-scale detector correlation. • Full design study for A-100 and start planning for km-stage • Start physics exploitation of MAGIS

10. AION10: Work Packages in a Nutshell • WP-AI • Form UK collaboration to design and construct AI1 and AI10 and establish a first UK AI Network by building AI1 in Liverpool and other selected places. • Prototype AI10 to demonstrate the technology and to establish UK expertise and leadership in the field. • Commission AI10 with short baseline and compare with AI1 Network. • Build 2nd AI-10 to share expertise and to train people. • Demonstrate use of two AI-10s working in simultaneously to pave the way for AI‑100 and km-scale detector correlation. • WP-Physics • Build a concrete plan to exploit the full physics programme for AI1/A10 Network. • Full physics exploitation of AI1/10 Network • Establish the full potential of the enormous physics option for AI100 and beyond – i.e. physics case • Support phenomenology both for AI in general and for the AION physics case. • WP-AION100 • Work towards AI100 including design work for AI100 in a tower or a shaftand establish the physics case. • Full design study for A-100 and start planning for km-stage • WP-MAGIS • Collaborate with MAGIS to contribute to experiment & exploitation • Build the foundation of a strong and lasting collaboration with US. • Start physics exploitation of MAGIS

11. AION10: Work Packages in a Nutshell This will give us technology and expertise and will form a first network of AI’s in the UK • WP-AI • Form UK collaboration to design and construct AI1 and AI10 and establish a first UK AI Network by building AI1 in Liverpool and other selected places. • Prototype AI10 to demonstrate the technology and to establish UK expertise and leadership in the field. • Commission AI10 with short baseline and compare with AI1 Network. • Build 2nd AI-10 to share expertise and to train people. • Demonstrate use of two AI-10s working in simultaneously to pave the way for AI‑100 and km-scale detector correlation. • WP-Physics • Establish physics programme for AI1/A10 Network. • Physics exploitation of AI1/10 Network • Contribute to work establishing the physics case for AI100 and beyond. • Support phenomenology both for AI in general and AION physics case. • WP-AION100 • Work towards AI100 including design work for AI100 in a tower or a shaftand establish the physics case. • Full design study for A-100 and start planning for km-stage • WP-MAGIS • Collaborate with MAGIS to contribute to experiment & exploitation • Build the foundation of a strong and lasting collaboration with US. • Start physics exploitation of MAGIS This will give us the exciting physics & phenomenology This will give us the path into the future (next bid) This will give us MAGIS and US Collaboration

12. AION10: Main WP Connections WP-Physics WP-AI WP-MAGIS WP-AION100

13. AION10: Work Packages in a Nutshell This will give us technology and expertise and will form a first network of AI’s in the UK • WP-AI • Form UK collaboration to design and construct AI1 and AI10 and establish a first UK AI Network by building AI1 in Liverpool and other selected places. • Prototype AI10 to demonstrate the technology and to establish UK expertise and leadership in the field. • Commission AI10 with short baseline and compare with AI1 Network. • Build 2nd AI-10 to share expertise and to train people. • Demonstrate use of two AI-10s working in simultaneously to pave the way for AI‑100 and km-scale detector correlation. • WP-Physics • Establish physics programme for AI1/A10 Network. • Physics exploitation of AI1/10 Network • Contribute to work establishing the physics case for AI100 and beyond. • Support phenomenology both for AI in general and AION physics case. • WP-AION100 • Work towards AI100 including design work for AI100 in a tower or a shaftand establish the physics case. • Full design study for A-100 and start planning for km-stage • WP-MAGIS • Collaborate with MAGIS to contribute to experiment & exploitation • Build the foundation of a strong and lasting collaboration with US. • Start physics exploitation of MAGIS Needless to say, this is all up for discussion! For now we only need high-level version! This will give us physics & phenomenology This will give us the path into the future (next bid) This will give us MAGIS and US Collaboration

14. First AION Workshop at Imperial College LondonMarch 25/26 2019 Organised by: T. Bowcock, O. Buchmueller [Coord.], J. Coleman, J. Ellis [Theory], I. Shipsey 2-Day Workshop: Day 1: Instrumentation Day 2: Physics case If you like to participate or require further information please contact: fundamental-physics-admin@imperial.ac.uk with “AION” in title.

15. Stanford Visit • Visit is confirmed for January 10/11 • Travel self-arranged [e.g. arriving 9th, leaving 12th] • Visit outline [details still to be discussed with host] • Day 1: more formal presentations/discussions • Day 2: side visit, follow-up from day 1 • Scope and Goal: • Establish expert link to US and identify critical items for project/proposal • What is technically required to build a AI-10 in UK • What are important technology challenges • What are cost drivers [we need t solid budget for the proposal] • … • Visit preparation: • To maximally benefit from the visit, we should define a set of key questions and objectives. Should have it ready well before the visit.

16. TimeLine: Milestones • December 4: 4 page outline report • January 10/11: Stanford Visit • March 25/26: AION Workshop • Mid April: White Paper from Workshop [used in part for proposal] • End April Final workpackagesformal costings initiated • May QSFT consortium meeting to review and sign off the proposal • June Proposal Submission Needless to say, a brutal timeline!