1 / 12

HYPOKALEMIA

HYPOKALEMIA. Definition. serum potassium concentration < 3.5 mEq /L Etiology total body potassium deficit Poor intake Excessive renal & GI loss serum potassium is shifted into the intracellular compartment drug. Drug induce hypo K. Category & Clinical presentation.

joylyn
Download Presentation

HYPOKALEMIA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. HYPOKALEMIA

  2. Definition • serum potassium concentration < 3.5 mEq/L Etiology • total body potassium deficit • Poor intake • Excessive renal & GI loss • serum potassium is shifted into the intracellular compartment • drug

  3. Drug induce hypo K

  4. Category & Clinical presentation ECG changes: ST-segment depression or flattening,T-wave inversion, and U-wave elevation

  5. Treatment • K supplement  3 salt (Chloride, phosphate, carbonate) • PO  mild to moderate (should be divided into 3-4 doses to minimize the developement of GI side effects) • IV  severe (K < 2.5 mEq/L)  exhibiting signs symptoms of hypokalemia  patients unable to tolerate oral therapy

  6. KCl oral • 10% KCl elixir (20 mEq/15 ml) • Ped KCl 2% (4 mEq/15ml)

  7. KCl IV infusion • NaCl • D5W  advoided • 10 to 20 mEq of potassium is diluted in 100 mL 0.9% NaCl • administered through a peripheral vein over 1 hour • Mutiple dose: can be repeated as needed until the serum potassium concentration normalizes (equilibium time 30 min)

  8. KCl IV infusion (Conc.) • Severe K depletion • KCl 300 to 400 mEq/day • dilute 40 to 60 mEq in 1,000 mL 0.45% NaCl • Rate of infusion: not exceeding 40 mEq/h • Central intravenous line into a large vein (e.g., superior vena cava)

  9. Alternative therapy Potassium-sparing diuretics • Spironolactone : 25-mg, 50-mg, and 100-mg tablets • Start 25 to 50 mg daily  titrated to a maximum dose of 400 mg/day. • side effects: hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, breast tenderness, and impotence

  10. Alternative therapy • Triamterene: 50-mg and 100-mg capsules • Start 50 mg twice daily titrated to 100 mg twice daily • side effects: hyperkalemia, sodium depletion, and metabolic acidosis • Amiloride: 5-mg tablet • Start 5 mg daily; however, 10 mg can be given in those with severe hypokalemia

  11. Alternative therapy • Generally, concomitant use of potassium supplementation with potassium-sparing diuretics is not necessary. • There is a significant risk of hyperkalemia during combination therapy, especially in patients with underlying renal insufficiency or diabetes mellitus.

  12. The end

More Related