According to _____, people who adopt the goals of society but lack the means to attain them seek alternatives, such as c

1. According to _____, people who adopt the goals of society but lack the means to attain them seek alternatives, such as crime. Shaw and McKay�s concentric zone theory. social ecology theory anomie theory general strain theory cultural deviance theory

2. According to _____, material goods pervade all aspects of life. anomie theory general strain theory institutional anomie theory relative deprivation theory social ecology theory

3. According to ______, citizens who obey the street rules of lower-class life find themselves in conflict with the dominant culture. Sellin�s culture conflict theory Miller�s focal concern theory Cohen�s theory of delinquent gangs Cloward and Ohlin�s theory of opportunity Merton�s anomie theory

4. A major strength of _____ is that it points out how competition for success creates conflict and crime. It suggests that social conditions and not personality can account for crime. In addition, it can explain middle- and upper-class crime. anomie theory general strain theory institutional anomie theory relative deprivation theory cultural deviance theory

5. A major strength of _____ is that it shows how conditions of lower-class life produce crime. It also explains violence and destructive acts. In addition, it identifies conflict of lower class with middle class. Sellin�s culture conflict theory Miller�s focal concern theory Cohen�s theory of delinquent gangs Cloward and Ohlin�s theory of opportunity Merton�s anomie theory

6. A major strength of _____, is that it identifies why crime rates are highest in slum areas. It points out the factors that produce crime and it suggests programs to help reduce crime. Shaw and McKay�s concentric zone theory. social ecology theory anomie theory general strain theory Sellin�s culture conflict theory

7. According to Merton�s theory, _____ occurs when an individual accepts the goals of society but rejects the legitimate means or is incapable of attaining them through such means. conformity innovation ritualism retreat rebellion

8. According to Merton�s theory, _____ involves substituting an alternative set of goals and means for conventional ones. conformity innovation ritualism retreat rebellion

9. According to institutional anomie theory, social institutions have been undermined because: Performance in other institutional settings such as the family or school is assigned a lower priority than the goal of financial success. The schedules, routines, and demands of the workplace take priority over those of the home or the school. Economic language, standards, and norms penetrate into noneconomic realms such as the home. a and b all of the above

10. All of the following are lower-class focal concerns EXCEPT: trouble toughness smartness respect fate

11. Sociology is concerned with social change and the dynamic aspects of human behaviour. True False

12. In most cases, poverty is the end result of personal failure. True False

13. Research indicates a strong relationship between unemployment and crime. True False

14. Lower-class crime is often the violent, destructive product of youth gangs and marginally employed adults. True False

15. Cultural deviance theory assumes that criminal behaviour is an expression of conformity to lower-class subcultural values and traditions. True False

16. Shaw and McKay�s statistical analysis of concentric zones showed the highest rates of crime in residential and commuter zones. True False

17. Shaw and McKay�s research on concentric zones has been criticized because high crime rates may actually be a function of the level of local police surveillance. True False

18. Research indicates that neighbourhoods that provide few employment opportunities for youths and adults are the most vulnerable to predatory crime. True False

19. As neighbourhood disadvantage increases, its level of informal social control also increases. True False

20. According to Cloward and Ohlin, conflict gangs develop in communities unable to provide either legitimate or illegitimate opportunities. True False