Seerah of The Prophet

1. After Badr Seerah of The Prophet

2. The Battle of Badr • The Results of Badr • The Muslim community was recognized as a force to be reckoned with. • The Muslims increased trust in Allah and the deep faith that victory comes only from Allah. • The Muslim army became more skilled in battle. This led to more confidence and higher morale. • Most non-believers in Medinah became hypocrites, or entered Islam. • The weak Muslims in Mekkah were strengthened in faith and knowledge that Allah will give support and victory to Islam.

3. The Battle of Badr • The Results of Badr • Quraysh was devastated in losing its main leaders in one battle, losing its image and pride, and losing its status in Arabia. • The trade route of Quraysh is indefinitley threatened. • Quraysh became eager for revenge. This led to the assassination attempt on the Prophet’s life by ‘Umayr bin Wahab.

4. The Battle of Badr • The Lessons of Badr • Victory is ONLY from Allah. You killed them not, but Allah killed them. And you threw not when you did throw, but Allah threw, that He might test the believers by a fair trial from Him. Verily, Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower. الأنفال

5. The Battle of Badr • The Lessons of Badr • The Day of Furqan (Separation, Criterion) • Separating right from wrong • Separating Iman from Kufr • Separating passiveness from engaging in defending and spreading Islam • Separating true loyalty to Islam from tribe and family • Separating true sincere sacrifice for Allah from earthly gains يَوْمَ الْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى الْجَمْعَانِ الأنفال 41 On the day when the true was distinguished from the false – the day when the two groups met in battle Al-Anfaal 8:41

6. After Badr (2AH) • Campaign of Ma’ Al-Kudrغزوة ماء الكدر : • (Shawwal, 2 AH) 7 days after Badr • BanuSalim (Ghatafan) gathered an army to attack Medinah • The Muslims marched to them in a surprise campaign. • BanuSalim fled without a battle and the Muslims gained around 500 camels • The spoils were divided equally after the fifth was taken out.

7. The Assassination Attempt • ‏‏ ‏ جلس عمير بن وهب الجمحي مع صفوان بن أمية في الحِجْر بعد وقعة بدر بيسير ـ وكان عمير من شياطين قريش ممن كان يؤذي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وأصحابه وهم بمكة ـ وكان ابنه وهب بن عمير في أساري بدر، فذكر أصحاب القَلِيب ومصابهم، فقال صفوان‏:‏ والله إن في العيش بعدهم خير‏.‏ قال له عمير‏:‏ صدقت واللّه، أما واللّه لولا دَيْن على ليس له عندي قضاء، وعيال أخشي عليهم الضَّيْعةَ بعدي لركبتُ إلى محمد حتى أقتله، فإن لي قِبَلَهُمْ عِلَّةً، ابني أسير في أيديهم‏.‏ فاغتنمها صفوان وقال‏:‏ على دينك، أنا أقضيه عنك، وعيالك مع عيإلى، أواسيهم ما بقوا، لا يسعني شيء ويعجز عنهم‏.‏ فقال له عمير‏:‏ فاكتم عني شأني وشأنك‏.‏ قال‏:‏ أفعل‏.‏ • ثم أمر عمير بسيفه فشُحِذَ له وسُمَّ، ثم انطلق حتى قدم به المدينة، فبينما هو على باب المسجد ينيخ راحلته رآه عمر بن الخطاب ـ وهو في نفر من المسلمين يتحدثون ما أكرمهم الله به يوم بدر ـ فقال عمر‏:‏ هذا الكلب عدو الله عمير ما جاء إلا لشر‏.‏ ثم دخل على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال‏:‏ يا نبي الله، هذا عدو الله عمير قد جاء متوشحاً سيفه، قال‏:‏ ‏(‏فأدخله علي‏)‏، فأقبل إلى عمير فلَبَّبَهُ بحَمَالة سيفه، وقال لرجال من الأنصار‏:‏ ادخلوا على رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم، فاجلسوا عنده واحذروا عليه من هذا الخبيث، فإنه غير مأمون، ثم دخل به، فلما رآه رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ـ وعمر آخذ بحمالة سيفه في عنقه ـ قال‏:‏ ‏(‏أرسله يا عمر، ادن يا عمير‏)‏، فدنا وقال‏:‏ أنْعِمُوا صباحاً، فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم‏:‏ ‏(‏قد أكرمنا الله بتحية خير من تحيتك يا عمير، بالسلام تحية أهل الجنة‏)‏‏.‏ثم قال‏:‏ ‏(‏ما جاء بك يا عمير ‏؟‏‏)‏ قال‏:‏ جئت لهذا الأسير الذي في أيديكم، فأحسنوا فيه‏.‏ قال‏:‏ ‏(‏فما بال السيف في عنقك‏؟‏‏)‏ قال‏:‏قبحها الله من سيوف، وهل أغنت عنا شيئاً ‏؟‏ قال‏:‏ ‏(‏اصدقني، ما الذي جئت له ‏؟‏‏)‏ قال‏:‏ ما جئت إلا لذلك‏.‏ قال‏:‏ ‏(‏بل قعدتَ أنت وصفوان بن أمية في الحِجْر، فذكرتما أصحاب القليب من قريش، ثم قلت‏:‏ لولا دين علي وعيال عندي لخرجت حتى أقتل محمداً، فتحمل صفوان بدينك وعيالك على أن تقتلني، والله حائل بينك وبين ذلك‏)‏‏.‏ • قال عمير‏:‏ أشهد أنك رسول الله، قد كنا يا رسول الله نكذبك بما كنت تأتينا به من خبر السماء، وما ينزل عليك من الوحي، وهذا أمر لم يحضره إلا أنا وصفوان، فوالله إني لأعلم ما أتاك به إلا الله، فالحمد لله الذي هداني للإسلام، وساقني هذا المساق، ثم تشهد شهادة الحق‏.‏ فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم‏:‏ ‏(‏فقهوا أخاكم في دينه، وأقرئوه القرآن، وأطلقوا له أسيره‏)‏‏.‏ • وأما صفوان فكان يقول‏:‏ أبشروا بوقعة تأتيكم الآن في أيام تنسيكم وقعة بدر‏.‏ وكان يسأل الركبان عن عمير، حتى أخبره راكب عن إسلامه فحلف صفوان ألا يكلمه أبدًا، ولا ينفعه بنفع أبدا‏.‏ ورجع عمير إلى مكة وأقام بها يدعو إلى الإسلام، فأسلم على يديه ناس كثير‏.‏ • ‘Umayr bin Wahab and Safwan bin Umayyah

8. After Badr (2AH) • Campaign of Bani Qanuqa’غزوة بني قينقاع : • Shawwal, 2AH. • Banu Qanuqa’ challenged the authority of Muslims in Medinah, threatened to fight Muslims. • Shas bin Qays tried to re-ignite enmity and old blood between Aws and Khazraj • The Prophet warned them and advised them to respect the treaty, their response was defiant to the Messenger of Allah.

9. Banu Qaynuqa’ Say to those who disbelieve: "You will be defeated and gathered together to Hell, and worst indeed is that place to rest."There has already been a sign for you in the two armies that met (in combat i.e. the battle of Badr). One was fighting in the Cause of Allah, and as for the other, (they) were disbelievers. They (the believers) saw them (the disbelievers) with their own eyes twice their number (although they were thrice their number). And Allah supports with His Victory whom He wills. Verily, in this is a lesson for those who understand. آل عمران

10. The Constitution of Medina • إن يهود بنى عوف أمة مع المؤمنين، لليهود دينهم وللمسلمين دينهم مواليهم وأنفسهم، وكذلك لغير بنى عوف من اليهود‏.‏ • 2-وإن على اليهود نفقتهم، وعلى المسلمين نفقتهم‏.‏ • 3- وإن بينهم النصر على من حارب أهل هذه الصحيفة‏.‏ • 4- وإن بينهم النصح والنصحية، والبر دون الإثم‏.‏ • 5- وإنه لم يأثم امرؤ بحليفه‏.‏ • 6- وإن النصر للمظلوم‏.‏ • 7- وإن اليهود ينفقون مع المؤمنين ما داموا محاربين‏.‏ • 8-وإن يثرب حرام جوفها لأهل هذه الصحيفة‏.‏ • 9- وإنه ما كان بين أهل هذه الصحيفة من حدث أو اشتجار يخاف فساده فإن مرده إلى الله عز وجل، وإلى محمد رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم‏.‏ • 10- وإنه لا تجار قريش ولا من نصرها‏.‏ • 11- وإن بينهم النصر على من دَهَم يثرب‏.‏‏.‏ على كل أناس حصتهم من جابنهم الذي قبلهم‏.‏ • 12- وإنه لا يحول هذا الكتاب دون ظالم أو آثم‏.‏

11. The Constitution of Medina The Jews (allies) of Bani ‘Awf (and other Jewish tribes) are one community with the believers. The Jews will profess their religion, and the Muslims theirs. The Jews shall be responsible for their expenditure, and the Muslims for theirs. If attacked by a third party, each shall come to the assistance of the other. All shall exchange good advice and counsel. Mutual relation shall be founded on righteousness; not sin or aggression. Neither shall commit transgression against your allies (Jews and Muslims). The wronged oppressed party shall be aided and supported. The Jews shall contribute to the cost of war (defense of Medina) so long as they are fighting alongside the believers.

12. The Constitution of Medina Medina shall remain sacred for all that join this treaty. Should any disagreement arise between the signatories to this treaty, then Allah, the All-High and His Messenger shall settle the dispute. The signatories to this treaty shall boycott Quraysh commercially; they shall also abstain from extending any support to them. Each shall contribute to defending Medina, in case of a foreign attack, in its respective area. This treaty shall not hinder either party from seeking lawful retaliation against unjust aggressors and violators. [Ibn Hisham 1/503,504]

13. After Badr (2AH) • Campaign of Bani Qanuqa’غزوة بني قينقاع : • A final event occurred when the honor of a Muslimah was violated in their market and a Muslim was killed in her defense. • The Muslim army moved to their fortresses and besieged them for 15 days • They surrendered and agreed to comply by the treaty which states “any dispute shall be settled according to the rule of Allah and His Messenger”

14. After Badr (2AH) • Campaign of Bani Qanuqa’غزوة بني قينقاع : • Abdullah bin Ubay, of Khazraj, pressured the Prophet to release them claiming old allegiance with them • ‘Ubadah bin As-Samet declares that all allegiance after Islam is to Allah and His Messenger, and the treaty of Medinah is above all before it. • The Prophet orders them to be expelled of Medinah unarmed and unharmed.

15. After Badr (2AH) O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as Auliyâ’ (protectors, helpers), they are but Auliyâ’ of each other. And if any amongst you takes them (as Auliyâ’), then surely he is one of them. Verily, Allah guides not those people who are the Zâlimûn (polytheists and wrong-doers and unjust).And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease (of hypocrisy), they hurry to their friendship, saying: "We fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us." Perhaps Allah may bring a victory or a decision according to His Will. Then they will become regretful for what they have been keeping as a secret in themselves. And those who believe will say: "Are these the men (hypocrites) who swore their strongest oaths by Allah that they were with you (Muslims)?" All that they did has been in vain (because of their hypocrisy), and they have become the losers. المائدة

16. After Badr (2AH) • Campaign of Suwayqغزوة السويق : • Thi Al-Hijjah, 2AH. • Abu Sufyan vowed to retaliate for Badr • Abu Sufyan came to Medinah at night, with 200 men, and was hosted by Salam bin Mishkam of the Jewish tribe of Bani An-Nadhir • Next morning they raided a suburb of Medinah (Al-’Aridh) and killed 2 men. • The Prophet and the Muslims chased after them close to Makkah. • The were fleeing fast and throwing away their food (Al-Suwayq) which was brought to Medinah by the Muslims.

17. After Badr (3AH) • Campaign of Thi Amarغزوة ذي أمر : • Muharram-Safar, 3AH. (some ref. Rabi I) • Banu Tha’labah and Muhareb gathered an army to attack Medinah. • 450 Muslims led by the Prophet moved to check their attack • Jabbar, from bani Tha’labah, becomes a Muslim and provides information to the Muslims • The Prophet stays a whole month in Thi Amar

18. After Badr (3AH) • Killing Ka’b bin Al-’Ashrafقتل كعب بن الأشرف : • Rabi’ I, 3AH. • Betrayed the treaty with the Prophet • Encouraged Quraysh to attack the Muslims and kept reminding them with the revenge of Badr • Said poems against the Prophet and the honor of Muslim women • Went to Makkah to fuel the anger of Quraysh and told them that Idol Worshiping is more guided than Tawheed

19. Ka’b bin Al-Ashraf Have you not seen those who were given a portion of the Scripture? They believe in Jibt and Tâghût (i.e. all the false deities) and say to the disbelievers that they are better guided as regards the way than the believers (Muslims). They are those whom Allah has cursed, and he whom Allah curses, you will not find for him (any) helper النساء