Displays

1. Displays Chapter 8

2. Key Components in Display Design

3. Display Design Tasks • Determine nature of tasks that the display needs to support • Perform detailed information analysis that identifies what the operator needs to know to carry out task • Determine the characteristics of the human user who must perform the tasks

4. Tools & Variables That The Designer Can Manipulate • Location – XY space or superimposed (heads-up) • Color – color versus monochrome • Dimensionality – planer vs perspective, mono vs stereo • Motion – what moves, how it moves • Intensity – what is bright, what is dim • Coding – physical dimensions assigned to variables, analog vs digital, analog/icons vs text • Modality – vision vs audition • What to display – information analysis

5. Thirteen Principles of Display Design (4 categories) • Those that directly reflect perceptual operations • Those that can be traced to the concept of the mental model • Those that relate to human attention • Those that relate to human memory • Note that principles sometimes conflict and trade-offs must be considered

6. Principles That Directly Reflect Perceptual Operations • Avoid absolute judgment limits • Use top-down processing • Take advantage of redundancy gain • Discriminability: similarity causes confusion

7. Illustrations of Perception Principles

8. Principles That Can Be Traced To The Concept Of The Mental Model • Principle of pictorial realism • Principle of the moving part • Principle of ecological interface design

9. Principles Based On Attention • Principle of minimizing information access cost (search time) • Principle of proximity compatibility • Principle of multiple resources (presenting information from both visual and auditory)

10. Illustration Of Proximity Compatibility Issues

11. Principles Related To Memory • Principle of predictive aiding • Principle of knowledge in the world (placing visible reminders that will trigger appropriate action) • Principle of consistency

12. Illustrations Of Predictive Aiding

13. Alerting Displays • Warnings – most critical, auditory when time is of essence. Can be enhanced with visual display (flashing light) • Cautions – Usually softer auditory and/or visual • Advisories – mostly visual

14. Label/Sign Displays • Generally static unchanging • Must be visible and legible • Must be able to discriminate from other labels • Must be meaningful • Must be in conspicuous location and associated with purpose

15. Label/Icon Illustrations

16. Monitoring Displays • Must be legible • Determine if analog or digital is most appropriate • Analog form should follow the principle of pictorial realism • Must be predictive in sluggish or slowly environments

17. Monitory Displays

18. Multiple Display Considerations • Display layout – frequency of use, relationship to sequence of use, consistency with other displays, and organized grouping • Head-up displays • Head-mounted displays • Configurable displays

19. Illustration Of Display Layout

20. Illustration Of Display Layout (cont.)

21. Illustration of Head-Up Displays

22. Configurable Displays

23. Navigation Displays & Maps • Route Lists (directions) & Command Displays (Garmin, Magellan, Tom Tom, etc.) • Maps – legibility, clutter, position representations, map orientation, & scale • 3-D Maps – mainly valuable to pilots • Planning Maps & Data Visualization – satellite maps used for city planning, zoning, tax assessment, farming, etc.

24. Good & Poor Mounting Of YAH Map

25. Example Of Planning Map

26. Quantitative Information Displays(Tables & Graphs) • Legibility • Clutter • Proximity • Format

27. Illustration Of Trend Variables

28. Illustration Of Confusion Principle

29. Illustration Of Clutter Principle

30. Illustration Of Proximity Principle