Effects of Environmental Changes on Humans and Populations

1. Topic: Ecology Aim: Describe the effects of environmental changes on humans and other populations. Do Now: Take out your ecology reading notes. HW: Earth Day Poster due Tuesday. Don’t forget the CL Evolution test is due Monday!!!

3. Which phrase best describes an ecosystem? 1. all the living organisms in a specific location2. all the nonliving materials in a specific location3. some nonliving materials passing through living organism in a specific location4. living organisms and nonliving materials interacting in a specific location

4. Ecological Terms (1) Commensalism (2) Mutualism(3) Parasitism (4) Decomposers(5) Predator • The relationship between the crocodile and the leech • Bacteria or fungi • One organisms is benefits and the other is not affected • Organisms hunt for animals as a source of food • Both organisms benefit Parasitism Decomposers Commensalism Predator Mutualism

5. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8pMMw3mtSw

6. 1. Describe ecological succession. • Normal, GRADUAL changes that occur in the types of species that live in that area

7. 2. Describe pioneer organism and identify an example of pioneer organisms. • The first to inhabit an area • Ex: • Lichens • Moss • Bacteria

8. 3. Describe a climax community. • The end stage of succession • Community of plants that is stable and UNDISTURBED (Not replaced by another community)

9. 4. Identify some factors that can disrupt a climax community. • Wildfire • Avalanche • Human activities

10. 5. Observe Figure 3 on p. 742.

11. a. Where did this 1988 fire occur? • Yellowstone National Park

12. b. What was still found in the soil after the fire that caused succession to begin again? • Seeds protected under the soil

13. c. Identify the type of succession that was occurring? • Secondary Succession

14. Primary succession begins in a place previously without plants.

16. Secondary succession begins in a place that already has soil and was once home to living things.

20. Stages of Succession in a Pond

22. 6. Describe renewable resources and identify 4 examples of renewable resources. • Any natural resource that is recycled or replaced constantly by nature. • Sun, water, air, crops

23. 7. Describe nonrenewable resources and identify 4 examples of nonrenewable resources. • Natural resources that are used up more quickly than they can be replaced by natural processes • Plastics, paints, gasoline, petroleum, minerals, metals

25. 8. Describe fossil fuels. • Fuels formed in Earth’s crust over hundreds of millions of years

28. 9. Identify 5 examples of fossil fuels that we use everyday. • Gasoline • Diesel fuel • Jet fuel • Coal • Natural Gas

29. 10. Identify 2 problems caused by the burning of fossil fuels. . • Because they are limited, in the future they may become more expensive and difficult to obtain • Environmental problems • Mining coal leads to the stripping away of thick layers of soil and rock which can destroy ecosystems

30. Burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution (smog, acid rain, global warming)

31. 11. Describe at least 3 causes of water pollution. • Rain falls on roads and parking lots  can wash oil and grease into soil and nearby streams

32. Rain washes agricultural pesticides and fertilizers into lakes, streams and rivers

33. Industrial wastes are sometimes released into surface waters

36. Topic: Ecology Aim: Describe the effects of environmental changes on humans and other populations. Do Now: Take out your ecology reading notes. HW: Earth Day Poster due tomorrow. CL Plants due Friday CL Ecology due Monday

37. Identify process A. Identify the cell organelle where it occurs. • respiration mitochondria • 2. Identify process B. Identify the cell organelle where it occurs. • photosynthesis chloroplasts • 3. Which material cycle is represented in the diagram? • Carbon cycle

38. Identify a plant’s response to external stimuli. TROPISM 2. Identify the chemical that causes that response. AUXINS

39. Identify the tropisms below. • Plant grows towards water. HYDROTROPISM • Plants response to touch. THIGMOTROPISM • Roots grow down towards gravity. Stems grow up and away from gravity. GRAVITROPISM OR GEOTROPISM • Plant bends towards light. PHOTOTROPISM

40. Which group contains only abiotic factors? Support your answer. 2. Identify the group that represents an ecosystem. Support your answer. A, C and D because it consists of biotic and abiotic factors interacting together.

41. Barnacles often attach themselves to whales and receive free transportation to parts of the ocean. The whales are not affected by this activity. Identify this relationship. Support your answer. Commensalism One organism benefits while the other is not affected.

42. What process is occurring in the diagram? • Ecological succession • 2. What would most likely be found in stage 1?  • Pioneer species • 3. Identify Stage IV.  • Climax community • 4. Will stage IV be replaced by another community? Support your answer. • No , it will not because it is a stable community. • 5. Identify a factor that can disrupt a climax community. • Natural disaster, hurricane, tornado, deforestation, industrialization

43. 1. Which would NOT be considered a renewable resource (1.) coal  (2.) solar power  (3.) ocean waves  (4.) hydroelectric power 2. Identify a renewable resource not seen in the previous question. water, trees 3. Identify another nonrenewable resource. fossil fuels: natural gas, oil, petroeum

44. 12. Describe 2 NEGATIVE effects of water pollution. • Poison fish and other wild life • Can be harmful to people who swim in or drink water • Mercury and other metals can build up in tissues of fish  transferred to people and animals

46. Air pollution

48. 1. Identify the greatest contributor to air pollution. • Byproducts of burning fossil fuels

49. 2. Identify at least 6 health hazards of air pollution. • Irritated noses • Irritated eyes and throats • Asthma attacks • Heart or respiratory diseases • Cancers • Nerve damage