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WELCOME

HEARING CONSERVATION. CORPORATE SAFETY TRAINING. 29 CFR 1910.95. WELCOME. REGULATORY STANDARD. THE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE. FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903.1.

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WELCOME

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  1. HEARING CONSERVATION CORPORATE SAFETY TRAINING 29 CFR 1910.95 WELCOME

  2. REGULATORY STANDARD THE GENERAL DUTY CLAUSE FEDERAL - 29 CFR 1903.1 EMPLOYERS MUST: Furnish a place of employment free of recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. Employers must comply with occupational safety and health standards promulgated under the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970. OSHA ACT OF 1970

  3. DANGER HEARING PROTECTION REQUIRED APPLICABLE REGULATIONS 29CFR - SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS 1910 - INDUSTRIAL SAFETY 95 - OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE

  4. APPLICABLE REGULATIONS CONTENTS OF 29 CFR 1910.95: • a. A-Weighted Sound Level Determination • b. Permissible Noise Exposures • c. Program Requirements • d. Monitoring Requirements • e. Employee Notification • f. Observation of Monitoring • g. Audiometric Testing Program • h. Audiometric Testing Requirements • i. Hearing Protectors • j. Hearing Protector Attenuation

  5. APPLICABLE REGULATIONS (Continued) CONTENTS OF 29 CFR 1910.95: • k. Training Program • l. Access to Information and Training Materials • m. Recordkeeping • n. Appendices • A - Noise Exposure Computation • B - Estimating Hearing Protection Attenuation • C - Audiometric Measuring Instruments • D - Audiometric Test Rooms • E - Acoustical Calibration of Audiometers • F - Age Correction Calculations For Audiograms • G - Monitoring Noise Levels • H - Availability of Referenced Documents

  6. HEARING PROTECTION PROGRAM GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS ALL EMPLOYERS MUST: • Establish a Written Program • Conduct Audiometric Testing • Address Noise Exposure Standards • Conduct Regular Program Evaluations • Conduct Work Area Noise Surveillance • Conduct Hearing Conservation Training • Control Hazards Using Ear Protectors as a Last Resort • Ensure Proper Selection of Noise Exposure Equipment

  7. TRAINING REQUIREMENTS THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING: • Training Must Establish Proficiency in use of Protectors. • Explain The Operation, Capabilities, and Limitations. • Training Must be Conducted Prior to Job Assignment. • Explain The Reason Hearing Protection is Needed. • Explain Why a Hearing Protector has been Selected. • Explain Proper Maintenance and Storage of Protectors. • Explain Inspection, and Proper Wear. • Explain The Nature, Extent and Effects of Noise Hazards. • Provide Explanation of Why Engineering Controls are not in Use.

  8. HEARING PROTECTION PROGRAM RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS • REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A: • Program Related Injury. • Change in Job Assignment. • New Hazards or Equipment. • New Hazard Control Methods. • Failure in the Safety Procedures. • Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.

  9. DEDICATION PERSONAL INTEREST MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION OF A HEARING CONSERVATION PROGRAM REQUIRES: NOTE: UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCE IS ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!

  10. Establish responsibility. Establish a corporate policy and develop rules. Conduct a noise survey of the facility. Determine appropriate noise control measures. Eliminate noise hazards where possible. Conduct employee training. Provide protection where hazard elimination is not possible. Perform inspections and maintenance. Periodically audit the program. Modify policies and rules as appropriate. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION Continued DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE:

  11. The initial goal should be to reduce or eliminate noise hazards by: 1. Elimination or substitution of noise producing sources. 2. Insulating equipment to lower noise levels. 3. Implementation of administrative controls. 4. Implementation of engineering controls. 5. Issuance of hearing protection equipment. 6. Providing training and procedures. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION Continued DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE:

  12. 1. Noise Exposure Monitoring 2. Engineering and Administrative Controls 3. Audiometric Evaluation 4. Use of Hearing Protection Devices 5. Training and Motivation 6. Recordkeeping 7. Program Evaluation KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS INCLUDE:

  13. NOISE EXPOSURE MONITORING Define Survey Goals Characterize the Hazard Accurately - Area Surveys - Noise Dosimetry - Engineering Surveys Ensure Results are Representative Identify Affected Employees Evaluate Specific Noise Sources Prioritize Noise Control Efforts KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)

  14. ENGINEERING AND ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Reducing Reverberation and Echo's Reducing Structure-borne Vibrations Initiate Physical Changes at the Noise Source Modify or Replace of Equipment Physical Changes in the Transmission Path Examples Include: - Sound Absorbing Material - Mufflers on Noise Sources - Acoustical Enclosures and Barriers - Vibration Mounts and Proper Lubrication KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)

  15. AUDIOMETRIC EVALUATION Should be Performed: 1. Pre-employment 2. Prior to Initial Work Assignment 3. Annually if the Employee Stays in the Same Job 4. At Reassignment Out of a Noisy Job 5. At the Termination of Employment Employees Who are Not Noise Exposed can be Tested to Provide a Comparison Group to Determine the Overall Effectiveness of the Program. The Two Groups should Show the Same Amount of Audiometric Change if the Program is Effective. KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)

  16. AUDIOMETRIC EVALUATION (Continued) Must be administered with calibrated equipment Testing must have acceptable background sounds levels The same type of audiometer should be used year to year Only accredited technicians should be used Standardized testing methods should be used An Audiologist or Physician should supervise testing KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)

  17. TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTION DEVICES Ear Muffs (Circumaural) Semi-Inserts (Semi-Aural) Inserts (Aural) KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued) Each type has advantages and disadvantages

  18. TRAINING AND MOTIVATION Employees “are” the program Job-specific training is essential Annual recurrent training recommended Active employee participation is essential Training is essential to employee motivation Training needed for: - Managers - Supervisors - Affected employees - Maintenance personnel SAFETY KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)

  19. RECORDKEEPING Purpose of the examination Specific equipment used and calibration dates Name of the tester Date and time of the test Auditory history information The hearing threshold values obtained Tester’s judgment of the subject’s response reliability Record of any refitting, reissuing, or retraining Tester’s comments, if any KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)

  20. RETENTION OF RECORDS Noise exposure measurement records - 25 years Audiometric test records - Duration of employment SAFETY RECORDS KEY PROGRAM ELEMENTS(Continued)

  21. Noise surveys (area and personal) Job hazard analysis assessments. Employee surveys. Review of results of facility evaluations. Analysis of trends in injury/illness rates. Up-to-date records of logs of noise hazard improvements tried or implemented. Before and after surveys/evaluations of job/worksite noise protection changes. PROGRAM REVIEW & EVALUATION EVALUATION TECHNIQUES INCLUDE:

  22. WRITTEN PROGRAMS MUST BE: DEVELOPED IMPLEMENTED CONTROLLED JOB SPECIFIC UNDERSTANDABLE SUFFICIENTLY DETAILED PERIODICALLY REVIEWED WRITTEN PROGRAM

  23. CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING: THE SUPERVISOR’S ROLE • 1. GET INVOLVED IN THE HAZARD ASSESSMENTS. • 2. OBTAIN ASSISTANCE (IF NEEDED) FROM EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF CONCERN. • 3. COMPLETE THE PAPERWORK (WORK ORDERS, POLICY • CHANGES, ETC.) TO MAKE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS. • 4. ATTEND THE SAME TRAINING AS YOUR WORKERS. • 5. FOLLOW-UP ON THE ACTIONS YOU TOOK.

  24. HEARING PROTECTION SITUATIONS • WORK INVOLVING: • Chain saws • Construction • Lawn mowing • Sand blasting • Jack hammers • Spray painting • Musical performances • Grinders, lathes, saws • Manufacturing operations • Exposure during maintenance duties

  25. OUTER EAR - MIDDLE EAR - INNER EAR AUDITORY NERVE HAMMER ANVIL STIRRUP COCHLEA EUSTACHIAN TUBE EAR CANAL EAR DRUM PRINCIPLES OF HEARING

  26. THE COCHLEA AND THE INNER EAR A fluid filled sound reception chamber Contains thousands of tiny hair cells The cells respond to sound waves made in the fluid The cells pass the sensation on to the auditory nerve PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued

  27. SENSORI-NEURAL HEARING LOSS Noise-induced hearing loss Damages the hair cells or auditory nerves If the noise is stopped hair cells can bounce back Damage can be temporary PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued

  28. SENSORI-NEURAL HEARING LOSS If the noise continues hair cells can’t bounce back Damage can be permanent! PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued

  29. NOISE MEASUREMENT Decibel (dB) - A unit of measurement for sound pressure 085 Decibels (dB) is max for the average workday 140 Decibels (dB) is max for impulse or impact noise PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued No exposures in excess of 140dB peak sound pressure level are permitted. Impulsive or impact noise is considered to be those variations in noise levels at intervals of greater than one per second. Where the intervals are less than one second, it should be considered continuous. Source: ACGIH

  30. NOISE MEASUREMENT (Continued) • Intensity • Frequency PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued • Sound is measured in two ways: • 1. Frequency • 2. Intensity

  31. PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued FREQUENCY: The pitch -- how high or low the sound is. Expressed in cycles per second (CPS). Most people can hear pitches between 20 CPS and 20,000 CPS.

  32. PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued INTENSITY: The loudness of sound. Expressed in units called decibels (dB). the more dB’s, the louder the sound. One decibel in the smallest unit of sound a person can hear.

  33. PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued NOISE REDUCTION RATING (NRR): A single number measure of the amount of attenuation of sound that a hearing protection device will reduce outside sound to. Expressed in units of decibels (dB). 85dB NRR 40dB 45dB

  34. PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE The TLV is the upper limit of noise as measured in decibels averaged over an eight hour work day to which an average healthy person may be repeatedly exposed on an all-day, everyday basis without suffering adverse hearing loss. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH).

  35. THRESHOLD SHIFT Hearing loss caused from noise can raise your “hearing-threshold” -- the degree of loudness at which you first begin to hear sound. Two types of shifts can occur: 1. Temporary threshold shift 2. Permanent threshold shift PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued

  36. TEMPORARY THRESHOLD SHIFT Most of the loss occurs in the first two hours Workers may not hear sound under 40db after work Hearing “returns” within two hours after exposure stops The loss can become permanent with long exposure NOISE PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued

  37. PERMANENT THRESHOLD SHIFT Usually no physical signs Early signs may be tinnitus, ringing, muffling of sound Hearing no longer “returns” within two hours The loss starts in high frequencies and may spread NOISE PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued

  38. PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued • WORK SOURCES & FACTORS AFFECTING HEARING: • Age • Pitch • Loudness • Surroundings • Type of machines • Position of source • Length of exposure • Previous ear trouble • Distance from source • Think about your personal work habits!

  39. PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued • HOME SOURCES & FACTORS AFFECTING HEARING: • Chain saws • Race tracks • Air hammers • Trap shooting • Starting pistols • Musical groups • Stereo systems • Mowing the lawn • Think about your personal lifestyle!

  40. SOURCE DECIBELS • Rocket launching pad 180db • Jet plane 140db • Gunshot blast 140db • Jackhammer 130db • Automobile horn 120db • Sandblasting 112db • Rock music 110db • Chain saw 100db • Lawnmower 090db PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued HOW LOUD IS LOUD?

  41. SOURCE DECIBELS • Alarm clock 080db • Busy traffic 075db • Vacuum cleaner 070db • Normal conversation 065db • Dishwasher 060db • Average home 050db • Quiet office 040db • Whisper at 5 feet 030db • Average threshold of hearing 015db PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued HOW LOUD IS LOUD?

  42. EXTREMELY HIGH, LOUD NOISE Can cause “Traumatic Hearing Loss” - May be caused by a single exposure to loud noise - Less common than other types of hearing damage Can cause other effects in the work place - Contributes to poor communication at work - Unpleasant sound may cause fear, anger etc. - Noise may cause fatigue or distractions PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued

  43. WHEN IS NOISE TOO LOUD? You have to raise your voice to be heard. You can’t hear someone less than 2 feet away from you. Speech sounds muffled after you leave a noisy area. You have ringing in your ears after exposure to noise. PRINCIPLES OF HEARING Continued - American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

  44. HEARING DEVICE SELECTION AN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST SHOULD BE CONSULTED REGARDING THE TYPE OF HEARING PROTECTION TO BE USED WITH YOUR OPERATION! THE FOLLOWING ARE GENERAL GUIDELINES ONLY!

  45. TYPES OF HEARING PROTECTION DEVICES Ear Muffs (Circumaural) Semi-Inserts (Semi-Aural) Inserts (Aural) HEARING DEVICE SELECTION Continued Each type has advantages and disadvantages

  46. EAR MUFFS (CIRCUMAURAL) Surround the ear to reduce sound Very effective at reducing sound One size usually fits everyone Can be expensive Cleaning can be time-consuming Bulk can be a problem Can be uncomfortable in hot conditions Can be attached to: - Helmets - Bump caps - Hard hats HEARING DEVICE SELECTION Continued

  47. SEMI-INSERTS (SEMI-AURAL) Insert partially into the ear Snug fit is essential Moderately effective at reducing sound Do not always effectively seal ear canal One size fits all Large variety of shapes Cleaning is simple Bulk is not a problem Comfortable in hot conditions HEARING DEVICE SELECTION Continued

  48. INSERTS (AURAL) Training is essential to proper use Insert into the ear Snug fit is essential Moderately effective at reducing sound Do not always effectively seal ear canal Large variety of shapes Cleaning is simple Bulk is not a problem Comfortable in hot conditions HEARING DEVICE SELECTION Continued

  49. INSERTS (Available in three forms) Premolded Inserts - which may be universal- fitted or sized. Custom Molded Inserts - which are either fabricated at a factory from an impression taken of the ear canal or designed so that the impression itself becomes the final device. User Molded Inserts - which may be reusable or disposable, expand in the ear canal to form a seal after they are rolled and inserted. HEARING DEVICE SELECTION Continued Continued

  50. SELECTION CONSIDERATIONS Will they effectively reduce sound levels? Comfort - will the users wear them? Cost Ease of use and repair Sizing and fitting ranges Dielectric considerations Training and skill for use Durability and life expectancy Anthropometric considerations Availability of replacement parts Size, weight, pressure, adjustability HEARING DEVICE SELECTION Continued Continued

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