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Chapter Eight: Effects of Alcohol Problems on the Family

Chapter Eight: Effects of Alcohol Problems on the Family. points for consideration. Alcoholism as family disease Early research Family system approach Children in the family children in the home adult children Facts versus beliefs. family: early research.

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Chapter Eight: Effects of Alcohol Problems on the Family

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  1. Chapter Eight: Effects of Alcohol Problemson the Family

  2. points for consideration • Alcoholism as family disease • Early research • Family system approach • Children in the family • children in the home • adult children • Facts versus beliefs

  3. family: early research • Classic monograph 1954 • Alcoholism and the Family by J Jackson • parallels work by EM Jellinek on natural history of alcoholism • survey of “AA Auxiliary” (Alanon) • Introduced view of alcoholism as “family disease”

  4. “Alcoholism and the Family” • Seminal study by Joan Jackson • Seen as defining family’s efforts to live with alcoholic • Six stages

  5. Jackson’s 6 stages 1. Denial • both partners “explain away” problems 2. Attempts to eliminate problem • partner recognizes drinking is abnormal • partner tries to intervene

  6. Jackson’s 6 stages (cont) 3. Disorganization and chaos • family structure has broken down • family goes from crisis to crisis 4. Reorganization despite problem • partner’s coping improves • energy not spent on having spouse shape up

  7. Jackson’s 6 stages (cont) 5. Efforts to escape • possible separation or divorce • live around the alcoholic 6. Family reorganization • new stability established • true whether treatment and abstinence or continued drinking

  8. caveats on Jackson paradigm • A product of its era • Assumes husband is alcoholic • Now recognize differences depending on when alcoholism emerges

  9. Vernon Johnson paradigm • “Hitting bottom” then seen as needed to promote treatment • Family seen as able to prompt alcoholic’s entry into treatment • Draws upon family system theory • Assumes alcoholic has inadequate sense of events

  10. Johnson’s view of family • Family members also affected • Co-dependency = dysfunctions from living with alcoholic • Enabling = behaviors that unwittingly allow continuation of drinking

  11. family system approach • Underlies much of thinking • Efforts by members to maintain equilibrium • Alcoholic family = escalating system • Common strategies of family members • keeping out of way • care-giving, counseling, efforts to control • resignation

  12. family: current thinking • Differences between families • Characteristics of “alcoholic family” common to families under stress • Increased risk for family members • increase in health problems • increase in domestic violence

  13. children of alcoholics • First gained attention in late 1980s • Early approaches not science-based • Children in the home • Also adult children of alcoholics

  14. children of alcoholics (cont.) • Models describing children’s response • Two models • family hero, family mascot, lost child and scapegoat • responsible one, adjuster, placator • Not empirical support for views

  15. children of alcoholics (cont.) • Adult Children of Alcoholics • Roles from childhood carry into adult behavior 0 %

  16. children of alcoholics (cont.) Current Understanding • Emphasis on resiliency • Emphasis on risk and protective factors • Major risk factor is genetic predisposition • Extended family can be a resource for child

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