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The Balance Changes in the late 1700s

The Balance Changes in the late 1700s. Qing enters long period of decline. End of Dynastic Cycle. The Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain. China is Forced to Deal with the West. Opium War Unequal Treaties Extraterritoriality Sphere of influence Open Door Policy.

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The Balance Changes in the late 1700s

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  1. The Balance Changesin the late 1700s • Qing enters long period of decline. End of Dynastic Cycle. • The Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain.

  2. China is Forced to Deal with the West • Opium War • Unequal Treaties • Extraterritoriality • Sphere of influence • Open Door Policy

  3. Taiping Rebellion The Taiping Rebellion was started by Hong Xiuchuan, a Christian convert who believed he was the younger brother of Jesus.

  4. Taiping Rebellion cont. The Taiping was the the bloodiest peasant rebellion that ever took place in China. Over 50 million people were killed. Western troops help the Qing to crush the rebellion.

  5. Boxer Rebellion • Chinese resent foreigners • Anti-foreign Chinese take action • Fist of Righteous Harmony • Secretly supported by Cixi • Western troops on Chinese soil

  6. Empress Dowager • Prediction was that a woman of her clan would end the dynasty. • Concubine • Only wanted power • Money to build a navy • She built marble boat • Led conservatives

  7. Hundred Days of Reform • Emperor Guang Xi supported the Hundred Days of reform • Update Civil Service • Organize Western Schools • Promote economic change

  8. Russo-Japanese War • Japan stuns the world • Defeats Russia • Earns place as a power in the world

  9. Revolution of 1911Sun Yatsen • Led by Sun Yatsen • Three People’s Principles • Unify China/get rid of foreigners • Democratic representative gov. • “livelihood” decent living for all

  10. Kuomintang • Party founded by Sun Yatsen • Also called Guomindang • Also Nationalist Party • Still on Taiwan today

  11. Yuan Shikai • Powerful general double crosses the Qing • Cut deal with Sun • Abdicate if he could be president of republic • Really wanted to be emperor • Weakens republic

  12. Versailles • Sun joins WW I to bring China’s problem to the world • All foreigners must leave but Japanese • May 4th 1919 protest Versailles Treaty

  13. Results of Versailles • Sun realizes needs a strong military • Asks France, Great Britain and USA for assistance • Rejected by all three • Soviet Union willing to help • In return Nationalists let fledgling Communist Party become part of Nationalist Party

  14. Chiang Kai-shek • Young army officer • Sun and Chiang were brothers-in-law • Went to Soviet Union for military training • After Sun died in 1925 Chiang took control of Nationalist party

  15. Mao Zedong • Father was a wealthy peasant • Emerged as leader of Communist Party after Long March • Led the party until his death in 1976

  16. Northern Expedition1926 • Chiang marches north to defeat warlords and unite China • Communists organize 2 million peasants to help • Display of strength frightens Chiang

  17. Purge 1927 • Chiang moves against Communists • Expelled from Kuomintang • Thousands of Communists and supporters killed • Communists fled to southeastern countryside

  18. Communists Build Support in southern countryside • Win support of peasants • Treat fairly • Work side by side • Distribute food • Distribute land • Lowered taxes • Set up schools • Set up clinics • Government included others • Looked more democratic • Life improved for peasants • in areas controlled by • Communists

  19. Long March 1934 • Chiang surrounds Communists bases • Communists break out of blockade • Walked 6000 miles • Took a year • 90,000 begin • 7,000 survived • Symbol to Communists

  20. Japanese • 1931 attack and take Manchuria • 1934 Set up Manchukuo • 1937 take coast of China • Rape of Nanjing • 1945 Japan surrenders

  21. Civil War 1945-1949 • Nationalist Government • Did little to help the peasants 96% of pop. • Built factories, universities, banks • Had to be a Nationalist to serve in gov. • Land Law but not carried out • Corruption in army • Life of the peasants in Nationalist Territory does not improve

  22. Why Communists won the support of the peasants • Communists made real improvement • Communist armies highly disciplined • 1949 Communists swept into Beijing set up People’s republic of China • Regardless of aid from USA Chiang lost and fled to Taiwan and set up Nationalist Government

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