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Cocaine

Cocaine. By: Nick DiPierro. Name of Drug. Street Names: Coke, dust, snow, lines, charlie, blow, etc… Brand Name: Cocaine Hydrochloride (topical solution) Chemical Name: benzoylmethyl ecgonine (ben-zoy-al-meth-yl ek-o-neen) C 17 H 21 NO 4. How does it work?.

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Cocaine

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  1. Cocaine By: Nick DiPierro

  2. Name of Drug • Street Names: Coke, dust, snow, lines, charlie, blow, etc… • Brand Name: Cocaine Hydrochloride (topical solution) • Chemical Name: benzoylmethyl ecgonine (ben-zoy-al-meth-yl ek-o-neen) C17 H21 NO4

  3. How does it work? • Under normal circumstances, the amount of dopamine at a synapse is controlled in part by the reuptake of dopamine by the transmitting neuron. Cocaine blocks the removal of dopamine from a synapse; the resulting build-up of dopamine causes continuous stimulation of the receiving neurons. (euphoric effects)

  4. History • 1500’s: Cocaine was used during religious ceremonies in Peru. They would chew the leaves of the coca plant during religious ceremonies to produce a stimulant effect that includes hallucinations both auditory and visual. • 1859: German Chemist Albert Niemann first extracted the cocaine, the actual drug, from the coca leaves.

  5. History • 1884: Sigmund Freud, used the drug himself and realized the ability for cocaine to “cure depression and sexual impotence.” • 1880’s: John Pemberton (maker of coca-cola) used the coca leaves as an ingredient in his cola drink. • 1900’s: The U.S. Government reported as many as 5,000 cocaine related deaths each year. • 1903: The drug was removed from the recipe in coca-cola. • 1922: Cocaine was no longer legal.

  6. Medical use • Cocaine acts as a local anesthetic by blocking conduction of nerve impulses. Topical preparations of cocaine hydrochloride are applied to the lining of the mouth, nose and throat prior to certain surgical procedures as a local anesthetic to numb the area.

  7. Schedule Rating • Schedule II Drug: defined as drugs with a high potential for abuse, with use potentially leading to severe psychological or physical dependence.

  8. Physiological Effects • Cocaine is responsible for more U.S. emergency room visits than any other illegal drug. Cocaine harms the brain, heart, blood vessels, and lungs. • Heart: Cocaine increases heart rate and blood pressure while constricting the arteries supplying blood to the heart. This causes heart attacks and heart disease. • Brain: Cocaine constricts bood vessels in the brain, causing strokes.

  9. Physiological Effect • Lungs: Snorting cocaine damages the sinuses and smoking crack cocaine causes permanent lung damage. • GI Tract: Cocaine can cause ulcers, or perforations of the stomach or intestines. • Kidneys: Cocaine can cause sudden overwhelming kidney failure. • Sexual Function: Chronic cocaine use can cause delayed or impaired ejaculation.

  10. Psychological Effects • Depression, anxiety, fatigue, difficulty breathing, inability to feel pressure, and increased craving for cocaine. • Physical symptoms: aches, pains, tremors and Chills. • The effects of cocaine are intense but short lived.The immediate effects wear off in about 30 min. to 2 hours. Smoking or injecting cocaine results in a faster and shorter high, compared to snorting coke.

  11. Reference Page • "Cocaine Use and Its Effects." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. • "DEA / Drug Scheduling." DEA / Drug Scheduling. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. • "Detox.com." History of Cocaine. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. • Helmenstein, Anne Marie. "Cocaine - Benzoylmethylecgonine." About.com Education. Web. 27 Oct. 2015. • Insel, Paul M., and Walton T. Roth. "Substance Use Disorders: Making Responsible Decisions." Connect Core Concepts In Health. 14th ed. McGrawHill. 224-230. Print. • Omudhome, Ogbru. "Cocaine Hydrochloride: Uses, Side Effects, Dosing." MedicineNet. 27 Oct. 2015. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

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