What happened after the French Revolution?

1. What happened after the French Revolution? Chapter 7, Sections 3-5

2. Review – Events of the Revolution • Problems of the Old Regime • The Enlightenment • The Estates General/National Assembly • Limited Monarchy • The Execution of Louis XVI • The New Republic/The Reign of Terror • The Execution of Robespierre • Coup d’Etat – Napoleon Bonaparte

3. Napoleon Forges an Empire Chapter 7, Section 3

4. Napoleon Takes Power • In November 1799, Napoleon seized power from the Directory • Under military threat, they dissolved the Directory and established three consuls • Napoleon became first consul, with the power of a dictator • Britain, Russia, and Austria joined forces to get rid of him • War and diplomacy created peace by 1802.

5. Napoleon Rules France • He held a plebiscite (a vote of the people) to secure his power. • He stabilized the economy by streamlining taxes, banking, and training public officials. • Lycees – school for public officials • Napoleonic Code – a uniform set of laws that applied equally to all citizens

6. Napoleon Creates an Empire • He could not regain control of French territory in the Americas lost during the revolution. • Instead, he focused on increasing his power in Europe. • He already controlled parts of Italy and Switzerland. • Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden fought back. • By 1812, he controlled the Netherlands, the German States and Poland, Italy, and Spain.

7. Reading the Text PG 231-233 • Why did Napoleon decide to focus on increasing his power in Europe? • Who resisted Napoleon’s efforts to control more territory in Europe? • What were the two important consequences of the Battle of Trafalgar?

8. Battle of Trafalgar • Napoleon’s military successes forced Austria, Russia, and Prussia to sign peace treaties. • 1805 battle between the British and French navies off the southwest coast of Spain. • The French fleet was destroyed, and the battle had two important consequences: • Ensured the supremacy of the British Navy for the next 100 years. • Forced Napoleon to give up his dream of invading Britain.

9. The French Empire • By 1812, the only areas free from Napoleon’s power were Britain, Portugal, and Sweden. • He had replaced a lot of monarchs with his family members: puppet governments. • He had some power over the countries that had signed peace treaties with him. • The empire was huge, but unstable: it lasted from 1807 to 1812 before it fell apart.

10. Chapter 7 Section 4 Cause/Effect Notes

11. Map Activity (Page 240) • Europe, 1810 • French Empire, Countries controlled by Napoleon, Countries allied with Napoleon, Countries at war with Napoleon, and Neutral Countries. • Europe, 1817 • France, Spain, Portugal, The UK, Switzerland, Kingdom of Sardinia, Kingdom of the Netherlands, The German Confederation, The Austrian Empire, and the Russian Empire.

12. Map Activity • After both sides of the map are complete, answer the following questions. Turn everything in when you are finished! • Why would joining the Austrian Netherlands and the Dutch Republic help contain France? • How did joining 39 German states into a confederation help keep France in check? • Why didn’t the Congress of Vienna take more land from France?

13. The Congress of Vienna Chapter 7 Section 5

14. Metternich’s Plan for Europe • The Congress of Vienna • Held in secret during the winter of 1814-1815. • Decisions were made by Russia, Austria, Britain, Prussia, and France. • Dominated by Prince Klemens von Metternich of Austria. • Primary Goal: Collective security and stability of the entire European continent.

15. Metternich’s Plan for Europe • Metternich’s Goals: • Prevent future French aggression • Surround France with powerful countries • Restore a balance of power • Keep any one country from becoming too powerful • Restore legitimacy • Restore the original monarchies removed by Napoleon

16. The Containment of France • The former Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Republic were united. • Created the new German Confederation, dominated by Austria. • Switzerland was made independent. • The Kingdom of Sardinia was strengthened by adding Genoa. • This created a balance of power.

17. Legitimacy • Idea that as many royal families as possible should be restored to power. • Ruling families of France, Spain, and several Italian and Central European states got their thrones back. • The Congress believed that restoring monarchies would create political stability – no more wars and/or revolutions.

18. Political Changes Beyond Vienna • Conservative Europe: • Holy Alliance: agreement between Russia, Austria, and Prussia to combat revolutions. • Concert of Europe: monarchs agreed to help each other if revolutions broke out again. • Revolutions in Latin America: • Spain had lost control of their colonies when Napoleon took over. • They tried to regain control, but could not. The colonies became independent countries.

19. Long-Term Legacies • Diminished the power of France, but increased the power of Britain and Prussia. • Nationalism began to spread in Germany, Italy, Greece, and other areas under foreign control. • European colonies were affected by and responded to the power shift. • Ideas about the basis of power and authority had changed during the French Revolution. • More and more people saw democracy as the best way to ensure equality and justice for all.