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Brazil: POLITICAL CULTURE, SOCIALIZATION AND RECRUITMENT

Brazil: POLITICAL CULTURE, SOCIALIZATION AND RECRUITMENT. SystemBrazil. Brazilian Political Culture: Origins. Thomastic synthesis of Greeks and St. Augustine Expansiveness of New World environment Rousseau. Elite Dominated. Emperor Dom Pedro II (age 61). Legacy of patrimonialism

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Brazil: POLITICAL CULTURE, SOCIALIZATION AND RECRUITMENT

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  1. Brazil: POLITICAL CULTURE, SOCIALIZATION AND RECRUITMENT

  2. SystemBrazil

  3. Brazilian Political Culture: Origins • Thomastic synthesis of Greeks and St. Augustine • Expansiveness of New World environment • Rousseau

  4. Elite Dominated Emperor Dom Pedro II (age 61) • Legacy of patrimonialism • Civil society • Emerged in response to authoritarian rule Political Culture: Characteristics

  5. Political Culture: Catholic Religion • Catholic nation; largest number of Catholics in the world • Religious observance among Catholics traditionally low; of little importance electorally • Liberation theology • Ecclesiastical base communities • National Conference of Brazilian Bishops National Cathedral: Brasilia

  6. Political CULTURE Evangelical Protestants Religious differences in voting patterns minimal • Candomble

  7. Political Culture of Statism • State permeates society • Compliance and enforcement often arbitrary • Social solidarity movements in favelas • Began as mechanism of state control during military dictatorship (1964 – 85) • Movements evolved into institutions that sought to influence those in authority • Became a force for democratization

  8. Gender • Machismo and marianismo • Under military rule traditional image and orientations towards politics of women began to change. • Political opportunity followed educational and occupational opportunity. • Authoritarianism had an economic impact on women: • Took the lead in their communities’ struggles for health care and sanitation • Made demands relating to wages and worker rights

  9. Racial Democracy: No & Yes • Racial Democracy myth • Racial prejudice embedded in traditional Brazil • Movimento Negro Unificado-The Unified Black Movement Against Racial Discrimination • Affirmative action policies under President Lula

  10. Brazilian Political Culture • How democratic? • Not tolerant of authoritarianism • No single vision of what kind of democracy they supported • They distrust politicians, political parties, and democratic institutions more than in the recent past. • Distrust democratic institutions today more than other Latin Americans. • Less aware of their civic rights and responsibilities than most Latin Americans • On the other hand, Brazilians behave in more democratic ways than their answers to surveys may imply • Turn out to vote at higher rates and believe their vote matters more than on average across Latin America

  11. Brazilians National Pride

  12. Attitudes toward Institutions

  13. Political Socialization in Brazil • Changes in the socialization of Women • Economic development and political organization carried over into democratic era • Increased activist orientation of women • Race as a component of political socialization • Print Media • Newspapers – confined to elite • Magazines

  14. Socialization and Mass Communication • Impact of Television (access is universal) • Brings politics into Brazilian homes via the horario gratuito • free television time set aside during the election campaigns for the political parties • Individual candidates and parties receive coverage during television news and any televised debates • Telenovelas (prime-time soap operas) . project themes subtly influence the ways in which people view politicians and institutions.

  15. Socialization and Neighborhood • Political learning

  16. Recruitment of Political Elites • Traditional political families • Coronales • Fernando Collor de Mello & Jose Sarney • Wealth – especially in South-east and South • Military regime – opportunities for Técnicos • Movement to professional politicians (Fernando Henrique Cardoso) • Labor movement (Luis Ignacio da Silva ‘Lula’) • Inclusion of more women • Luiza Erundina

  17. Political Recruitment and Political Participation: Citizen Politics • Blossoming of associations – 8,000 in the late 1970s • Organized movements around • identities, • single issues • political and social rights, most notably those to protect indigenous peoples, the environment, and human rights and to gain land for the landless • Tactics • International allies • Direct confrontation • Use of the courts • Role of NGOs

  18. Political Participation as Political Recruitment • Mass political participation • Staggering amount of participation • Elections • Participatory budgeting • Process by which hundreds of thousands of citizens meet in a series of open, public assemblies before the legislative budget cycle begins in order to establish spending priorities

  19. Citizen Politics • Grassroots church groups • Urban Neighborhood associations (8000) • Professional associations • Countryside (Movement of Landless Rural Workers) • Mass demonstration and confrontational politics • Non-governmental organizations

  20. MASS POLITICAL PARTICIPATION • Voting compulsory • Submission of blank ballots (varied between 19% and 31% in 1990’s) • Voting is becoming more inclusive • 1960 – 19 million eligible to vote • 1998 – 106 million eligible to vote

  21. Chart compare

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