FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

1. FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

2. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER ELECTRICITY BILL GENERATION IN K.P.T.C.L

3. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER RAILWAY AND AIR WAY TICKET BOOKING THROUGH INTERNET

4. Railway Computer Our personal Computer MODEM MODEM APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER ON-LINE TICKET BOOKING

5. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER GENERATION OF TELEPHONE BILL

6. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER 24 HOUR CUSTOMER TELEPHONE COMPLAINT REGISTRATION

7. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER WAKE UP ALARM CALL

8. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER IN BANKING SECTOR • PASS BOOK ENTRY THROUGH A PRINTER. • ENTRY OF WITHDRAWAL AND DEPOSIT • THROUGH COMPUTER

9. SERVER COMPUTER BAGALKOT BANGALORE HYDRABAD TRIVENDRUM CHENNAI APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER CORE BANKING

10. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER CORE BANKING • ALL COMPUTERS ARE CONNECTED TO A HUGE COMPUTER CALLED AS SERVER • EVERY DATA STORED IN SERVER ONLY • INFORMATION RETRIVED FROM SERVER ONLY • SERVER ISSUES A/C NUMBERS UNIQUELY • TRANSACTION IS POSSIBLE THROUGHOUT INDIA

11. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER CORE BANKING EX: S.B.I. AND ITS ASSOCIATES STATE BANK OF INDIA STATE BANK OF HYDRABAD ROUTER STATE BANK OF PATIALA Main Server STATE BANK OF MYSORE

12. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER CREDIT CARDS SUPER MARKETS

13. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS BROADCASTING SERVICES

14. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER STUDY AND FUN TOOL IN DEFENCE

15. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING GRAPHICS

16. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER AGRICULTURE BIO-TECHNOLOGY ENTERTAINMENT MULTIPLEX ( SATELLITE MOVIE ) INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH

17. ORBIT APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER SPACE AND RESEARCH

18. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER MEDICAL RESEARCH CLONING

19. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER MEDICAL RESEARCH CLONING DOLLY A CLONED SHEEP ROOMERS OF HUMAN CLONING

20. APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER MEDICAL RESEARCH CLONING

21. NOTE ‘COMPUTER’: This Word is constructed from the Greek Word ‘ Compute’ COMPUTE = TO CALCULATE

22. NOTE There is no particular definition for computer as there in physics, chemistry etc. depending on the working strategy or principle the computer can be defined.

23. DEFINITION 1 Computer is an electronic and programmable device which accepts data through input device and process it accordingly in CPU and gives the processed information( results) through output device

24. DEFINITION 2 Computer is an electronic device which accepts the data and instructions from the user, process it along with the storage and gives us a valuable information

25. DEFINITION 3 Computer is an electro- electronic device which accepts data and instructions from the user, process it and store it in its memory and gives the information to the user.

26. So we came across 3 terminologies DATA PROCESSING INFORMATION

27. 2007 1 JANUARY DATA

28. 2007 1 JANUARY DATA PROCESSING AND INFORMATION DATA DATA DATA 1 JANUARY 2007 INFORMATION

29. DATA PROCESSING AND INFORMATION Data : Raw Facts or figures or entity. processing : Manipulation or calculation over data according to instruction INFORMATION: Result or processed data or end product

30. + 2 5 DATA PROCESSING AND INFORMATION ANOTHER EXAMPLE 2 + 5 7 = DATA INSTRUCTION DATA INFORMATION

31. DATA PROCESSING AND INFORMATION ANOTHER EXAMPLE- PREPARE A CUP OF TEA DATA PROCESSING BOIL WATER WATER INFORMATION ADD SUGER SUGER TEA ADD TEA POWDER TEA POWDER MILK ADD MILK

32. BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTER ABACUS REFFERED AS THE FIRST COMPUTER (1600-2000 BC)

33. BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTER THE FATHER OF COMPUTER CHARLES BABBAGE

34. BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTER In 1833 Charles Babbage developed an Analytical Engine. ( Punched cards as input)

35. BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTER Charles Babbage modified the Analytical Engine to Differential Engine which is more efficient than Analytical Engine

36. BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTER Later in 1940’s John Von Neumann developed the computer which can process on binary numbers

37. GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS FIRST GENERATION – 1945-1955 Vacuum Tubes SECOND GENERATION – 1956-1965 Transistors THIRD GENERATION – 1966-1975 Integrated Circuits (I.C’s) FOURTH GENERATION – 1976-1985 L.S.I. AND VLSI FIFTH GENERATION – 1985 ONWARDS Artificial Intelligence

38. THE COMPUTER GENERATIONS I copied this from fellow lecturer Miss Kadian Davis

39. ZEROETH GENERATION • Man used his fingers, ropes, beads, bones, pebbles and other objects for counting. • Abacus, Pascaline, Difference & Anylitical engines • Electricity was not yet invented

40. FIRST GENERATION, 1951 – 1958: The Vacuum Tube • The first generation of computers, characterized by vacuum tubes, started in 1951 with the creation of - UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) – a tabulating machine which won the contest for the fastest machine which could count the US 1890 census. VACUUM TUBES – electronic tubes about the size of light bulbs.

43. DISADVANTAGES: • They generate more heat causing many problems in temperature regulation and climate control. • Tubes were subject to frequent burn-out.

44. SECOND GENERATION,1959 – 1964: The Transistor The year 1959 marked the invention of transistors, which characterized the second generation of computers. TRANSISTOR – was a three-legged component which shrunk the size of the first generation computers. Occupied only 1/100th of the space occupied by a vacuum tube More reliable, had greater computational speed, required no warm-up time and consumed far less electricity.

47. THIRD GENERATION,1965 – 1970: The Integrated Circuit Third generation computers arose in 1965 with the invention of smaller electronic circuits called integrated circuits (IC’S) INTEGRATED CIRCUITS – are square silicon chips containing circuitry that can perform the functions of hundreds of transistors.

50. ADVANTAGES: • RELIABILITY – Unlike vacuum tubes, silicon will not break down easily. It is very seldom that you will have to replace it. • LOW COST – Silicon chips are relatively cheap because of their small size and availability in the market. It also consumes less electricity.