II. Importance of the Nile River

1. II. Importance of the Nile River Handout 3-3

2. Vocabulary • 1. Nation-state-_______________________ • _________________________________ • 2. Nome-____________________________ region with a single gov’t and a united group of people a city-state in ancient Egypt

3. B. Giver and Taker of Life 1. Nile served as a ______________ for early Egyptians a. People traveling north used ______________________ b. People traveling south used ______________________ ______________________ c. River made __________ and ______________ easier river highway the strong currents the wind blowing off the Mediterranean Sea travel communication

4. 2. Inundation a. Some years there was not enough rain upriver 1. Caused _________ resulting in ______________________________ 2. This was called a year of ____________ b. In years when there was abundant rain upriver, flooding was ________________ _________________________________ 1. This was called a year of ____________ 2. Too much flood water was not good for obvious reasons drought death of crops and livestock “Low Nile” sufficient to grow crops and raise livestock “High Nile”

11. The Nilometer

12. The Gift of the Nile

13. c. Advantage for the Egyptians was that they knew _______________________________ 1. Happened when they saw the star______ appear in the morning sky 2. Egyptians developed a ______________ to keep track of this important event a. ________________, each one with ______________ b. Five days left over for the celebration of the birthdays of some of the gods 1. Celebrated the birthdays of ________, ________,_________, __________, and __________ whenthe flood was coming Sirius

15. c. Advantage for the Egyptians was that they knew _______________________________ 1. Happened when they saw the star______ appear in the morning sky 2. Egyptians developed a ______________ to keep track of this important event a. ________________, each one with ______________ b. Five days left over for the celebration of the birthdays of some of the gods 1. Celebrated the birthdays of ________, ________,_________, __________, and __________ whenthe flood was coming Sirius calendar Twelve months thirty days Osiris Horus Seth Isis Nephthys

17. C. Three Seasons 1. Inundation (Akhet)-__________________ a. ______________________________ b. Land was renewed each year by _______________________ June 21-Oct. 21 Start of the New Year silt from floodwaters

18. Oct. 22-Feb. 21 2. Emergence (Proyet)-____________________ a. Land ______________________________ b. As this season began, ________________ _____________ 1. Fields were ________, seeds planted in _______________ 2. Cows were led across the fields _______________________________ c. Enough time to grow: 1. One crop of ________, ___________ or other _________ 2. Three or four crops of _______________ emerged from beneath floodwaters farmers planted their crops plowed furrows to push the seeds into the ground wheat barley grains vegetables

19. Feb. 22-June 20 3. Harvest (Shomu)-______________________ a. Time when the ______________________ b. Most years there were ________________ crops were ready large harvests

20. D. Unified Egypt 1. Around 5000 BC, ___________________ grew along the Nile River between the ________ and the _________________ a. Villages grew into __________, some of which became capitals of _________ b. Leaders of different nomes competed for ________________________________ c. Nomes joined together until around 3500 BC there were ________________ small farming villages delta First cataract

22. D. Unified Egypt 1. Around 5000 BC, ___________________ grew along the Nile River between the ________ and the _________________ a. Villages grew into __________, some of which became capitals of _________ b. Leaders of different nomes competed for ________________________________ c. Nomes joined together until around 3500 BC there were ________________ small farming villages delta First cataract towns nomes control of power and wealth 2 large kingdoms

24. 2. Around 3000 BC, __________________ gained control of __________________ a. Legend says that the king responsible was ______________ b. Many historians believe it was really a king named ________ Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Menes Narmer

26. E. Three things That Made Egypt a Great Civilization 1. Isolation a. Allowed Egypt to develop its civilization without _____________________ or _______________________ b. No _________ in the early days; none needed outside interference fear of invasion army

28. 2. Unification a. When Upper and Lower Egypt were brought together,__________________ _______________________________ b. ___________________ and new capital city of ___________ symbolize unity rather than conquest there was nobody left with which to fight Double crown Memphis Unified Upper Lower

29. 3. Inundation a. Without yearly floods, _______________ _________________________________ Egyptians would never have been able to farm