The peculiarities of English Newspaper style

1. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Lecture 10 NSU – 10/12/2018

2. In the English literary standard the following major FS are distinguished Let’s look back what we have learned in previous lectures. 1. the belles-lettres functional style, 2. the publicistic functional style, 3. the newspaper functional style, 4. the scientific prose style, 5. the official documents functional style.

3. The publicistic functional style a) oratory; b) essays; c) articles in newspapers and magazines;

4. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style • The History of English Newspapers • Newspaper style was the last of all the styles of written literary English to be recognized as a specific form of writing. English newspaper writing dates from the 17th century, though short news pamphlets began to appear already at the end of the 16th century.

5. A pamphlet is a small book usually in paper covers, which contains arguments on a subject of current interest.

6. A pamphlet is a small book usually in paper covers, which contains arguments on a subject of current interest.

7. A pamphlet is a small book usually in paper covers, which contains arguments on a subject of current interest.

8. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Any such publication dealt with one specific subject or presented news from one source. But these pamphlets appeared only from time to time. Nevertheless they can be looked upon as the immediate forerunners of the British press.

9. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style The 1st regular English newspaper was the “Weekly News”. It appeared in 1622 and was the issued for nearly 20 years. The first daily newspaper in England ‘The Daily Courant” appeared in 1702. The newspaper contained news, largely foreign, and no comment. Such was the principle of the editor, which he stated in the first issue of the newspaper. Commentary appeared later. Besides home and foreign news, “The Daily Courant” contained advertisements, and announcements.

14. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style • It took the English newspaper more than a century to establish its own style and standard. Only the 19th century newspaper style can be regarded as a functional style. • English newspaper style may be defined as a system of interrelated (lexical, grammatical, phraseological, etc.) language means which is perceived by the bearer of the language as a separate unity the main purpose of which is to inform and instruct the reader.

15. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style What Printed Matter Comes under the Title of Newspaper Style? Not all the printed matter found in newspapers comes under the title ‘newspaper style’. Modern newspapers publish materials of diverse character. On their pages one can find news, comments, poems, stories, articles in special fields, chess problems, puzzles, etc.

16. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style To understand the language peculiarities of English newspaper style it will be sufficient to analyse the following basic newspaper features: a) brief news items; b) advertisements and announcements; c) headlines; d) the editorial

17. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items Its function is to inform the reader. It states only facts without giving comments. The vocabulary used is neutral and common literary.

19. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items Brief items only states facts without giving commentary - that is why it is basically matter-of-fact and almost devoid of emotional colouring. What really distinguishes BNI from other forms of newspaper writing is their syntactical structure but not their vocabulary.

20. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items As a reporter is obliged to be brief, he naturally tries to squeeze as many facts as possible in the space allotted . That is why the shorter the news item the more complex its syntactical structure is. BNIs usually contain complex sentences with a developed system of clauses, verbal constructions, attributive noun groups, where word order is very important.

21. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items In the course of time, journalistic practice has developed the “five-w-and-h-pattern-rule”: Who? – What? – Why? - How? – Where? – When?

22. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items In terms of grammar this fixed structure may be expressed in the following way: subject > object > adverbial modifier of purpose > manner > place > time (Statistics shows that this rule is violated in as many cases as it is observed.) Brief items may consist of one sentence only. If there is more than one sentence, the initial one is called the lead. The lead usually contains the most essential information of the BNI. The rest of it supplies additional information of minor significance.

23. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items a) special political and economic terms (e.g. gross output, president); b) non-term political vocabulary (e.g. public, progressive ); c) newspaper clichés (e.g. vital issue ); d) abbreviations (e.g. UNO, NATO); e) neologisms.

24. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items Grammatical peculiarities: • Complex sentences with a developed system of clauses; • Verbal constructions (infinitive, gerundial, participial); • Passive Voice; • Syntectical complexes; • Specific word-order

25. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items political and economic terms and e.g. government, premier (P.M.), executive committee, strategic arms limitations, elections, production non-term political vocabulary: e.g. progress, opponent, peace, people, crisis, leader, campaign, unemployment, congress, alliance, etc.

26. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items abbreviations: e.g. EEC- European Economic Community FO – Foreign Office IMF – International Monetary Fund, etc. Besides ‘permanent’ abbreviations that have become part of the vocabulary, there can be chance abbreviations, especially in the headlines, which are deciphered in the body of the BNI itself. e.g. BNI

27. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Brief items neologisms: e.g. stop-go-politics chunnel = channel+tunnel, etc. newspaper cliches e.g. cold war, urgent problem, vital issue, well-informed sources, to escalate war, to launch an attack, an offensive, an appeal, etc.

28. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Headlines The headline is the most concise form of English newspaper. The headline is the title given to a news item or a newspaper article. The main function of the title is the same as that of the newspaper style in general – to inform the reader – of what the news that follows is about. Sometimes headlines contain elements of appraisal , i.e. they show the reporter’s attitude to the facts reported.

29. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Headlines English headlines are short and catch the eye. A skillfully turned out (worked out) headline tells enough of the story to arouse or satisfy the reader’s curiosity. e.g. Black blood in the pipeline.

30. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Headlines • In most English and American newspapers sensational headlines are quite common. • Different newspapers have a different number of headlines before items or articles, and groups of headlines present almost a summary of the information of the article that follows.

31. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Headlines • The vocabulary of the headline is the same as in brief news items. But unlike brief news items, headlines may contain emotionally coloured words and phrases. Moreover, basic peculiarities of the headlines lie in their structure. Syntactically, headlines are usually made of short sentences and phrases of a variety of patters:

32. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Headlines • Full declarative sentences; • Interrogative sentences; • Elliptical sentences; • Sentences with articles omitted • Nominative sentences; • Questions in the form of statements; • Complex sentences; • Headlines including direct speech introduced by a full sentence or elliptically (with/without quotation marks); • Phrases with verbals.

33. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Advertisements and announcements. • Advertisements are printed notices about things to be sold or wanted or about situations. • Announcements – printed notices about what is happening or going to happen.

34. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Advertisements and announcements.

38. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Advertisements and announcements. • Advertisements and announcements made their way into the English press at an early stage of its development, in the middle of the 17th century. They are as old as the newspapers themselves.

39. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Advertisements and announcements. The function of advertisements and announcements is to inform the reader. There are two types of them: classified and non-classified. In classified advertisements and announcements information is arranged according to the subject matter into sections: births, marriages, deaths, business offers, personal etc.

40. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Advertisements and announcements. The main features: • may be built on the elliptical pattern; • brevity of expressions; • vocabulary is neutral.

41. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Advertisements and announcements. In classified advertisements and announcements various kind of information is arranged according to the subject-matter into sections, each bearing an appropriate name, such as: business offers, deaths, marriages, meetings, exhibitions, holidays, schools, situations vacant, notices, events, etc.

42. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Advertisements and announcements. This classified arrangement has resulted in a number of stereotyped patterns regularly employed in newspaper advertisements and announcements. Their vocabulary is essentially neutral, but those in the personal section are sometimes emotionally coloured.

43. The peculiarities of English Newspaper style Advertisements and announcements. As for non-classified (separate) advertisements and announcements, the variety of subject-matter and language forms here is so great that hardly any essential feature common to all of them can be pointed out. The reader’s attention can be attracted by any possible stylistic means: graphical, lexical, syntactical. They are supplied with photos, drawings as the advertiser (announcer) can buy as much space in the newspaper as his purse allows.

44. The peculiarities of English Newspaper styleThe editorial The function of the editorial is to influence the reader by giving an interpretation of certain facts. It comments on the political and other events of the day. It appeals not only to the readers mind, but to his feelings as well. So the editorial is characterized by:

45. The peculiarities of English Newspaper styleThe editorial • emotionally coloured language elements, both lexical and structural, • use of colloquial words, slang, professionalisms. • use of trite metaphors and epithets, periphrases, • allusions .

46. The peculiarities of English Newspaper styleThe editorial The Editorial bears the stamp of both the newspaper and publicist style. The function of the Editorial is not only to inform the reader, but also to influence him by interpreting certain facts. The Editorial comments on the political and other events of the day. The purpose is to suggest that the editor’s opinion and interpretation (it is the editor or sub-editor who writes the editorial) is the right one.

47. The peculiarities of English Newspaper styleThe editorial The Editorial appeals not only to the reader’s mind but to his feelings as well. Hence, the use of emotionally coloured elements, both lexical and structural. Alongside with political terms, cliches, abbreviations, one can find colloquial words and expressions, professionalisms, and slang words, which strengthen the emotional colouring of the editorial.

48. The peculiarities of English Newspaper styleThe editorial The editorial also abounds in trite SDs, especially in metaphors, irony, stylistic use of word-building means, etc. Practically any stylistic device can be found in editorial writing. When skillfully used, SDs become a powerful weapon producing the necessary emotional effect on the reader. Yet, the role of EMs and SDs should not be overestimated – they stand out at the essentially neutral background.

49. The peculiarities of English Newspaper styleThe editorial The editorial in different newspapers varies in the degree of emotional colouring and stylistic originality of expression. While these qualities are typical enough of the popular newspapers, newspapers with large circulation intended for serious readers, the so-called quality newspapers, such as “The Times’, “The Guardian”, make a sparing use of EMs and SDs.

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