1 / 13

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC )

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC ). Objectives. The learner will be able to: Outline the pathophysiology of DIC and the resulting complications. Describe management strategies for DIC. DIC Description. DIC is a bleeding disorder caused by a tendency to clot.

Download Presentation

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC )

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

  2. Objectives The learner will be able to: • Outline the pathophysiology of DIC and the resulting complications. • Describe management strategies for DIC.

  3. DIC Description DIC is a bleeding disorder caused by a tendency to clot. • A triggering factor produces damage to the small blood vessels of the body. • The damage stimulates the coagulation pathways to form clots. • The formation of clots depletes platelets and clotting factors.

  4. Acute DIC • Develops rapidly (within hours or days) • Intrinsic pathway initiation by endothelial cell damage • Excessive blood clotting in small vessels • Quickly leads to serious bleeding

  5. Acute DIC: Symptoms • Bleeding from at least three unrelated sites • Ecchymosis, bleeding, and hemorrhage • Anxiety and restlessness • Hypoxia and dyspnea • Abdominal pain • Thrombus formation • Focal ischemia, acral cyanosis, and superficial gangrene • Cerebral bleeds and change in mental status

  6. Chronic DIC • Extrinsic pathway initiated by tissue damage • Generally malignancy-related

  7. Chronic DIC: Symptoms • Petechiae • Ecchymosis • Gingival bleeding • Minor GI bleeding • Thrombosis • Small cerebral bleeds

  8. DIC: Risk Factors DIC is always secondary to an underlying disorder. • Acute leukemia, especially APL • Infection and sepsis • Transfusion reactions • Liver disease

  9. DIC: Lab Findings • Increased prothrombin time (PT) • Decreased platelets • Decreased fibrinogen

  10. DIC: Management • Treatment of underlying cause • Fluid replacement • Blood products • FFP • Platelets • PRBCs • Management of clotting • Plasmapheresis • Heparin • Management of bleeding • Aminocaproic acid • Antithrombin III

  11. DIC: Nursing Care Nursing assessment is critical. • Hemodynamic status • Oxygenation • Fluid status • Signs of bleeding or thrombosis • Tissue perfusion • Anxiety

  12. DIC: Patient Education • Teach strategies to prevent or minimize the risk of bleeding. • Review safety precautions. • Avoid taking medications that could interfere with platelet function.

  13. References Ezzone, S.A. (2006). Disseminated intravascular coagulation. In M. Kaplan (Ed.), Understanding and managing oncologic emergencies: A resource for nurses. Pittsburgh, PA: Oncology Nursing Society. Kimmel, T. (2003). Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 7, 479481.

More Related