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Evolution: Darwin's Voyage

Explore Charles Darwin's journey on the HMS Beagle and his groundbreaking theory of evolution by natural selection. Discover the evidence for evolution through DNA, fossils, body structures, and embryology.

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Evolution: Darwin's Voyage

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  1. Warm Up- 1/11 • Explain “Survival of the Fittest.”

  2. Good Things

  3. Title: Evolution

  4. Darwin’s Voyage • Charles Darwin- considered to be the founder of modern evolutionary theory.

  5. Darwin’s Voyage • Set sail on the HMS Beagle in 1831 • Became the ship’s naturalist • Arrived in the Galapagos Islands in 1835 • Observed that the animals on the islands were similar to those on the mainland

  6. Darwin’s Voyage • On the Origin of Species- established evolution by common descent as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature.

  7. Theory of Evolution • Theory- an explanation of a phenomenon that has been tested over time. • Evolution- the gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time (aka descent with modification)

  8. Theory of Evolution • Species- a group of organisms whose members look alike and successfully reproduce among themselves.

  9. Theory of Evolution • Natural selection- Organisms that are better adapted to an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce (Survival of the fittest). • Artificial selection is the breeding of certain traits over others.

  10. Evidence of Evolution • Similarities in DNA • Fossil Record • Similarities in Body Structure • Vestigial Structures • Similarities in Early Development

  11. Evidence for Evolution • Genetic Material- All living things contain similar DNA, RNA, and proteins. • What are the components of DNA? RNA? • By comparing DNA sequences of two organisms, scientists can determine whether or not the organisms are closely related. • The relationship can then be used to construct evolutionary pathways.

  12. Evidence for Evolution • Fossil Record-Preserved remains of once-living things found in Earth’s rocks.

  13. Evidence for Evolution • Fossils have found that many simpler life forms exist early in Earth’s history. • The oldest fossils found are bacteria that lived 3.8 billion years ago.

  14. Evidence for Evolution • Other kinds of evidence that support organic evolution are adaptations. • Anatomical • Physiological • Behavioral

  15. What do you notice about these structures?

  16. Anatomical Evidence • Homologous structures- bodily structures that are similar in structure, but different in function, due to sharing a common ancestor

  17. AND … what do you notice about these structures?

  18. Anatomical Evidence • Analogous structures- body parts with similar function but differentstructure. Indicate the organisms had different yet related ancestors.

  19. Warm Up- 1/14 Describe what is happening in the picture above.

  20. Good Things

  21. Review • Father of Evolution? • Defining Evolution? Criteria? • Natural Selection • Evidences of evolution

  22. Theory of Evolution • Theory- an explanation of a phenomenon that has been tested over time. • Evolution- the gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time (aka descent with modification)

  23. Theory of Evolution • Species- a group of organisms whose members look alike and successfully reproduce among themselves.

  24. Theory of Evolution • Natural selection- Organisms that are better adapted to an environment are more likely to survive and reproduce (Survival of the fittest). • Artificial selection is the breeding of certain traits over others.

  25. Evidence of Evolution • Similarities in DNA • Fossil Record • Similarities in Body Structure • Vestigial Structures • Similarities in Early Development

  26. Evidence for Evolution • Genetic Material- All living things contain similar DNA, RNA, and proteins. • What are the components of DNA? RNA? • By comparing DNA sequences of two organisms, scientists can determine whether or not the organisms are closely related. • The relationship can then be used to construct evolutionary pathways.

  27. Evidence for Evolution • Fossil Record-Preserved remains of once-living things found in Earth’s rocks.

  28. Evidence for Evolution • Fossils have found that many simpler life forms exist early in Earth’s history. • The oldest fossils found are bacteria that lived 3.8 billion years ago.

  29. Evidence for Evolution • Other kinds of evidence that support organic evolution are adaptations. • Anatomical • Physiological • Behavioral

  30. What do you notice about these structures?

  31. Anatomical Evidence • Homologous structures- bodily structures that are similar in structure, but different in function, due to sharing a common ancestor

  32. AND … what do you notice about these structures?

  33. Anatomical Evidence • Analogous structures- body parts with similar function but differentstructure. Indicate the organisms had different yet related ancestors.

  34. Take a Look!! What do you notice about these organisms?

  35. Anatomical Evidence • Embryology- The study of the development of embryos. Can indicate evolution from a common ancestor.

  36. Overproduction- most species produce far more offspring than will/can survive Factors that affect Natural Selection

  37. Factors that affect Natural Selection: Competition- since food and resources are limited, the offspring have to compete to survive Darwin called it: “Struggle for existence”

  38. Factors that affect Natural Selection: Variation- Members within a species have individual differences – these differences must be inheritable. Natural selection won’t work in a population of clones! Remember that a key to variation is sexual reproduction.

  39. Factors that affect Natural Selection: Survival to reproduce: Only those that are better suited to the environment will survive to reproduce. Fit individuals pass on to a portion of their offspring the advantageous characteristics.

  40. Warm Up- 1/15 • Why is it beneficial for Salmon fish to lay THOUSANDS of eggs at one time?

  41. Good Things

  42. Results of Natural Selection • Adaptation- inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chances of survival. • Speciation- formation of a new species • Extinction- disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range.

  43. Types of Adaptations • Some adaptations involve changes in the structure of body parts: mimicry and camouflage. • Mimicry- when an organism copies the appearance of another species to protect itself.

  44. MIMICRY

  45. Milk Snake • Coral Snake

  46. Types of Adaptations • Camouflage- an adaptation that enables an organism to blend in with its surroundings.

  47. CAMOUFLAGE

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