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Objectives

70-291: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network, Enhanced Chapter 3: TCP/IP Architecture. Objectives. Describe the overall architecture of TCP/IP Identify application layer protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite

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Objectives

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  1. 70-291: MCSE Guide to Managing a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network, EnhancedChapter 3:TCP/IP Architecture

  2. Objectives • Describe the overall architecture of TCP/IP • Identify application layer protocols in the TCP/IP protocol suite • Compare and contrast TCP/IP and UDP transport layer protocols • Understand the role of various Internet layer protocols including IP, ICMP, and ARP • Describe different network layer interface protocols Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  3. TCP/IP Architecture Overview • TCP/IP varies slightly from the standard OSI model • Represented by a four-layer model • Layers include: • Application • Transport • Internet • Network Interface Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  4. TCP/IP Architecture Overview (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  5. TCP/IP Architecture Overview (continued) • Application layer provides access to network resources • Transport layer is responsible for preparing data to be sent over the network • Internet layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing • Network Interface layer consists of the network card driver and the network card circuitry itself Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  6. Application Layer Protocols • Application layer accepts data from software and sends it to the network • There are many application layer protocols that are only available on TCP/IP networks • Each of these protocols is associated with a client application and service Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  7. HTTP • Hypertext Transfer Protocol • Most common protocol used on the Internet today • Used by Web browsers and Web servers • HTTP defines the commands that Web browsers can send and how Web servers are capable of responding • CGI, ISAPI, and NSAPI can be used to pass data from a Web server to an application Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  8. FTP • File Transfer Protocol • Simple file-sharing protocol • Slowly becoming obsolete as HTTP can be used for downloading/uploading files • Protocol first introduced in the 1980s for UNIX systems Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  9. Activity 3-1: Using FTP to Download a File • Objective: Use FTP to download a utility • Use the command line FTP utility to access Microsoft’s FTP site: ftp.microsoft.com • User Name: anonymous • Password: Your e-mail address Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  10. Telnet • Terminal emulation program • Primarily used to connect remotely to UNIX and Linux machines • Does not support a graphical user interface • Many telnet clients can be connected to a server concurrently • Useful for administering UNIX and Linux systems Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  11. SMTP • Simple Mail Transfer Protocol • Used to send and receive e-mail messages between e-mail servers • Protocol also used by e-mail client software such as Microsoft Outlook Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  12. Activity 3-2: Using Telnet to Verify SMTP • Objective: Use telnet to verify the functionality of an SMTP server • Connect to maila.microsoft.com on port 25 using telnet • Issue the help command to see the commands supported by the server Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  13. POP3 • Post Office Protocol version 3 • Most commonly used protocol for reading e-mail messages • Has commands to download and delete messages from e-mail servers • Does not support the sending of messages • POP3 supports only a single inbox • Does not support multiple folders for storage on the server Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  14. IMAP4 • Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 • Another protocol used to read e-mail messages • Has abilities beyond those of POP3 • Can download message headers only • Allows multiple folders on the server side Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  15. Transport Layer Protocols • These protocols are responsible for preparing data to be sent over the network • The most common task is to break information up into packets • Each transport layer protocol has its own set of ports • An IP address and port number collectively form a socket • The port number ensures that a packet is delivered to the correct service Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  16. Transport Layer Protocols (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  17. Activity 3-3: Using Port Numbers • Objective: Connect to resources using TCP and UDP port numbers • In this activity, you will be trying to connect to both HTTP and FTP using different port numbers Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  18. TCP • Transmission Control Protocol is the most commonly used transport layer protocol • Connection oriented – a connection must be established before data is transferred between computers • Connection is established using a three-way handshake • TCP tracks each packet to ensure it was successfully delivered • Packets are delivered using a sliding window Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  19. Activity 3-4: Installing Network Monitor • Objective: Install network monitor to enable packet capturing • In this activity, you will be using network monitor to see exactly how some of the data packets in your network are addressed Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  20. Activity 3-5: Viewing a TCP Connection in Network Monitor • Objective: Capture and view TCP connection packets in Network Monitor • In this exercise, you will be using Network Monitor to view packets used when a TCP connection is created with HTTP Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  21. UDP • User Datagram Protocol • Not as common as TCP/IP • UDP is connectionless and unreliable • Streaming audio and video use this protocol • Resolution of a DNS name is done via UDP Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  22. Activity 3-6: Capturing UDP Packets in Network Monitor • Objective: Capture and view UDP packets in Network Monitor • This activity involves viewing DNS packets Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  23. TCP versus UDP • TCP is connection-oriented and reliable • UDP is connectionless and unreliable Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  24. Internet Layer Protocols • Responsible for all tasks related to logical addressing • An IP address is a logical address • Protocols in this layer include: IP, RIP, OSPF, ICMP, IGMP, and ARP • Protocols in this layer are aware of other networks Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  25. IP • Internet Protocol is responsible for the logical addressing of each packet created by the Transport layer • As each packet is sent out, IP attaches the source and destination address to the packet • IP verifies that, once the machine receives a packet over the network, that packet has the same destination address as the IP address of the computer Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  26. RIP and OSPF • Routing Information Protocol and Open Shortest Path First • Both are routing protocols • Responsible for defining how paths are chosen through the internetwork from one computer to another • Define how routers can share information about the networks of which they are aware Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  27. ICMP • Internet Control Messaging Protocol • Used to send IP error and control messages between routers and hosts • Most common use is the ping utility • Ping is used to help determine if a computer is functional and able to communicate over the network • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority maintains a complete list of ICMP packet types Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  28. ICMP (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  29. Activity 3-7: Testing Host Functionality • Objective: Test the functionality of a host using the ping command • You will be using the ping command to test Internet connectivity • Ping www.hotmail.com Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  30. Activity 3-8: Viewing TTL • Objective: View the TTL of a ping packet • The ping utility shows the TTL of the packet, giving an approximation for the speed of the connection Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  31. IGMP • Internet Group Management Protocol • Used for the management of multicast groups • Hosts use IGMP to inform routers of their membership in multicast groups • Routers use IGMP to announce that their networks have members in particular multicast groups • IGMP allows multicast packets to be distributed only to routers that have interested hosts connected Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  32. ARP • Address Resolution Protocol • Used to convert logical IP addresses to physical MAC addresses • Network cards use a MAC address to filter irrelevant packets • Data packets have four addresses: source IP address, destination IP address, source MAC address, and destination MAC address • ARP uses a two-packet process to find the MAC address of the destination computer Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  33. ARP (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  34. ARP (continued) • ARP request • First packet • Broadcast to all computers on a local network, asking for the MAC address of the computer with the destination IP address • Destination computer sees this packet and replies with the address • The communication process then proceeds Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  35. ARP (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  36. ARP (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  37. ARP (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  38. Activity 3-9: Viewing the ARP Cache • Objective: View the contents of the ARP cache • In this exercise, the cache will be viewed and then cleared to force the rebuilding of cache information • Use the arp command to complete this activity Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  39. Network Interface Layer Protocols • Most of the common Network Interface layer protocols are defined by IEEE • Ethernet is the most common Network Interface layer protocol used in corporate networks today • All varieties of Ethernet use Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection for access control Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  40. Network Interface Layer Protocols (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  41. Network Interface Layer Protocols (continued) Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  42. Network Interface Layer Protocols (continued) • Token Ring is an older technology created by IBM • Token Ring was commonly implemented with mainframe computers • Wireless LAN is one of the fastest growing network types • 802.11b defines the most common wireless standard • Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communications system Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  43. Summary • The TCP/IP model is composed of four layers: Application, Transport, Internet, and Network Interface • Many Application layer protocols, each of which is associated with a client application and service • HTTP: most common protocol used on the Internet • FTP is used for transferring files across the Internet • Telnet: remote connect to UNIX and Linux systems Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  44. Summary (continued) • SMTP is used to send and receive e-mail messages between e-mail servers • POP3: most common protocol used for reading e-mail messages • IMAP4: another protocol used for reading e-mail • The two Transport layer protocols are TCP and UDP • TCP is connection-oriented and reliable • UDP is connectionless and unreliable Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

  45. Summary (continued) • Internet layer protocols: • Responsible for tasks related to logical addressing • All very specialized • IP, RIP, OSPF, ICMP, IGMP, and ARP • Ethernet: most common Network Interface layer protocol used in corporate networks today • Wireless LANs are one of the fastest growing network types Guide to MCSE 70-291, Enhanced

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