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Objectives

Objectives. Provide Knowledge and Understanding of Physical and Chemical Properties Provide Knowledge and Understanding of Health Effects First Aid Considerations Risk-based Response Decisions and Recommendations. Agenda. Uses Properties Health Effects & First Aid

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Objectives

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  1. Objectives Provide Knowledge and Understanding of Physical and Chemical Properties Provide Knowledge and Understanding of Health Effects First Aid Considerations Risk-based Response Decisions and Recommendations

  2. Agenda Uses Properties Health Effects & First Aid Response - based on properties Decisions/Considerations

  3. ANHYDROUS AMMONIA The Chemical NH3

  4. “Ammonia” Anhydrous Ammonia NH3 Liquefied Compressed Gas “Anhydrous” = Without Water Aqua Ammonia Ammonia and Water NH4OH Corrosive Liquid Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonia Solutions Usually 10 – 35% Concentration by Weight

  5. Ammonia Uses Fertilizer Power Plants Nox Removal Refrigeration Heat Treating Water Treatment Diazo Machines Blue Print Industry Illicit Use Meth Production Need Liquid Phase

  6. Properties - NH3 Colorless Liquid, Pungent Odor Boiling Point -28 F High Latent Heat of Vaporization Liquid Density 5.15 lb/gal 60 F Vapor Density 0.6 (air = 1) Vapor @ Atmospheric Conditions Liquid Under Pressure

  7. Properties - NH3 Pressure/Temperature Relationship High Coefficient of Expansion High Volumetric Expansion Ratio Direct Relationship Independent of Volume

  8. Volumetric Expansion Ratio 850:1 Little Bit Goes A Long Way How Many Pounds or Gallons ???? High Coefficient of Expansion Do Not Trap Liquid 85% Fill Limit For Storage

  9. Pressure – Temperature Relationship Continued Direct Relationship Independent of Volume in a Container -28 º F - 0 psig 0 º F - 15.7 psig 30 º F - 45 psig 50 º F - 74.5 psig 70 º F - 114.1 psig 100 º F - 197.2 psig

  10. 75% Full 5% Full

  11. pH 0_______________________14 Acids 7 Bases Neutral Ammonia Is A Very Strong Base 30% Concentration can have a pH of 13.5 or Greater.

  12. Reactivity

  13. Ammonia Flammability Minimum & Maximum Concentration In Air Of A Gas Or Vapor Between Which Ignition Can Occur; LEL - UEL 0 16% - 25% 100% | | NIOSH 15 – 28%

  14. Ammonia Exposure VAPOR More Forgiving Irritating High Levels Caustic Burn Can Escape Laterally & Upwind LIQUID Very Cold Frost Bite Caustic/Alkaline Chemical Burn

  15. Skin and Eyes Frost Bite Liquid Exposure Chemical Caustic / Alkaline Burn Water, Water, Water 15 to 20 Minutes No Topical Ointments Clothing May Freeze To The Skin If Liquid Exposure Ensure Patient Is Properly Deconned Prior To Transport

  16. Ammonia Exposure Limits Federal PEL - 50 ppm (35mg/m3) TWA NIOSH - 25 ppm (18mg/m3) TWA STEL - 35 ppm (27mg/m3) 15 minutes IDLH - 300 ppm No Cartridge Respirators SCBA Required

  17. Ammonia Response – Health Issues Upper Flammable Limit Skin Irritations Burns, blisters 1,000,000 ppm 100 % Lower Flammable Limit Immediate Death 280,000 28 % Death in minutes 30,000 3 % Immediate eye injury 150,000 15 % 10,000 PPM 1 % PEL (OSHA) Z-List IDLH 5000 PPM .5% Runny eyes & nose 700 PPM STEL REL TLV- TWA 140 PPM Detectable Odor 50 PPM 300 PPM 35 PPM 25 PPM 0 ppm 0 % 2-5 PPM

  18. Response Considerations INDOOR Flammability Visible Cloud ? Ventilation Negative Pressure Positive Pressure Level of Dress OUTDOOR Downwind Threats Public Exposure Type of Release Weather Effects Where/When Water Level Of Dress

  19. Decisions/Considerations Find Knowledgeable Person Can Leak Be Isolated Remotely Best Approach may be No Approach FD – Do Not Be Valve Turners Level Of Dress – Bunker/SCBA/Level A, B Where & When To Use Water Control & Contain Tarp & Cover as an Option

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