Materials and processes.

1. Materials and processes. By NISAR AHMED MEMON.

2. Recommended Books. • Materials and proceses. • By E.Paul De Garmo. • Materials science & engineering. An introduction. • By Callister. • Materials science. • By Anderson. • Materials in action series manufacturing with materials. • By Edwards. • Engineering chemistry. • By M A Usmani.

3. A text book of materials science and metallurgy. • By O P Khanna. • Fundamental of modern manufacturing. • By Mikell P Groover. • Principles of materials science & engineering. • By William Smith. • Materials and metallurgy. • By G B S Narang. • Manufacturing engineering & technology. • By Serope Kalpak Jain. • Steven R SCHmid.

4. Chapter #01 • Introduction to the subject. • Materials are essential elements to engineers to carry on their profession. • The materials are found in nature in their raw/ combine stage, generally from the starting point of our study. • The extend of our discussion of materials covered the choice, selection, extraction, manufacturing and tests etc; • Materials used by engineers in various form (physical) such as solids, plastics, ceramics and composite. • All varieties of these forms of materials used by engineers are include in this subject. • There fore the major purpose of this subject is to introduce the important engineering materials to the beginners for industrial use and also to tell the working knowledge to make intelligent selection of materials. • More over it is necessary for an engineer to have clear and precise knowledge of various materials available for fabrication and also their properties and uses.

5. What is material. • Material is some thing that consist of matter or material is a stuff/solid of which some thing is made. • Material comprises a wide range of metals and non metals which must be operated upon to end product. • Whether this end product is a bridge, a computer, a space vehicle or an automobile, an engineer must have an intimate knowledge of properties and behavioral characteristics of the material he intend to use. • Importance of materials. • In metallurgical engineering successful design depends upon the selection of materials having the most desire able properties for a given function whilst at the same time taking in to consideration the cost of the material to the required shape. • The engineers needs to know a great deal about the properties of a material before deciding on its use. • The following simple example will serve to illustrate the importance of the knowledge of the properties of the engineering materials.

6. Cast iron is a cheapest metal avail able to the engineer but its brittleness prevents its being worked other than by casting or machining. It is fairly good to work this metal by these processes. • Steel is almost twice as rigid as cast iron and as a result will not deflect so readily under the cutting forces encountered if its use is made for beds of machine tools. • However because of the greater cost and difficulty of casting steel, cast iron is usually chosen for this purpose. • This choice may also be affected by the way in which cast iron damp out vibration in moving parts and the fact that two pieces of cast iron will run in contact without seizing. • If an engineer plans to shape a cast iron part by forging he will not successful in that. On the other hand it indicates his inadequate knowledge about the material and their properties. • Thus we conclude that to be successful in the use of material it is essential for an engineer to have adequate knowledge about the various materials avail able to him and their properties. THE END.