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DNA

This article covers the fundamental concepts of DNA, including its structure, base pairs, replication, RNA transcription, protein synthesis, and DNA testing techniques such as gel electrophoresis.

jamesljones
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DNA

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  1. All you need to know! DNA

  2. Covering the Standards SB2a. Distinguish between DNA and RNA. SB2b. Explain the role of DNA in storing and transmitting cellular information.

  3. What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid Deoxyribo- alternating sugar and phosphate Nucleic acid- base pairs (Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, and Guanine)

  4. What are base pairs? Adenine and Guanine are similar Thymine and Cytosine are similar Paired together like this……A-T and C-G

  5. DNA is shaped….. • Like a twisted ladder or “Double Helix” • The Phosphate and sugar alternate • The bases join in the middle.

  6. Lets see how it is duplicated. DNA makes DNA

  7. DNA Replication It occurs before Mitosis or Meiosis Starts at a A-T rich site (A-T bonds are not as strong as C-G) DNA polymerase- an enzyme that aids in DNA replication.

  8. Quick Quiz Write the answer in your notes! (Left Side) What does DNA stand for? What are the three parts of DNA? What are the base pairs of DNA? What is the shape of DNA? What enzyme aids in DNA duplication?

  9. What about RNA? Ribonucleic acid Single stranded Nitrogen pairs are Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine and Uracil A disposable copy of DNA RNA gets out of the Nucleus to make Proteins!

  10. Three types of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Transfer RNA (tRNA)

  11. mRNA • Copy the DNA instructions and take it to the rest of the cell.

  12. rRNA • Proteins are made on the ribosome. Ribosomes are made from protein and rRNA

  13. tRNA • In the creation of proteins, tRNA transfers the amino acid to the ribosome as is it coded.

  14. RNA Transcription RNA polymerase binds with DNA Then makes its copy using A,U,C,G A-U and C-G. RNA knows where to start and stop because of DNA promoters

  15. Quick Quiz Write the answer in your notes! What are the three differences between RNA and DNA? What are the base pairs of RNA What do all three types of RNA aid in synthesizing? What tells the RNA where to start and stop transcription?

  16. The “G” Code

  17. A Codon

  18. Codons Are read in triple code Each 3 represent a different Amino Acid Are read in one direction An anti-codon is the match to the codon. Let’s see how it works RNA makes protein

  19. Are AUG and GUA the same thing? NO! AUG- is the codon for Methionine GUA- is the codon for Valine

  20. How can we do DNA testing? Gel electrophoresis- spreads out the DNA in a gel using electricity. Can be used to find matching DNA between organisms.

  21. Quick Quiz (Left Side) What does the “G” code stand for? What is a codon? What does a codon translate? How is gel electrophoresis used?

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