Parts of Speech Review

1. Parts of Speech Review Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Adjectives, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections

2. Nouns • Definition: A noun is a person (girl), place (house), thing (apple), or idea (love) • Nouns are broken up into different categories such as, common and proper, concrete and abstract, singular and plural, possessive, collective, and irregular

3. A common noun names a general person, place, or thing. • Examples: I went to the city. The man was kind.

4. A proper noun names a specific person, place, or thing. Always capitalize the first letter of a proper noun. • Examples: I went to San Francisco. • Mr. Brown was kind. • My new puppy, Perro, is playful

5. A concrete noun is a noun that is physical. It is something you can touch, or pick up. • Examples: desk, door, pencil, eraser • An abstract noun is not physical. It is still there, but you can’t see it or feel it in a physical way. • Examples: love, kindness, sleep, day

6. A collective noun is a noun that names a group. • Examples: club, herd, army, troop • It is one made up of many.

7. Possessive nouns show who or what owns something. Singular nouns are made possessive by adding an apostrophe and then an s. • Example: The girl’s kite flew high in the sky.

8. Plural possessive nouns are formed by adding an apostrophe after the s. • Example: The girls’ kite flew high in the sky. • When a plural noun does not end with an s, and apostrophe and an s are added. • Example: The men’s truck was dirty.

9. Irregular nouns are usually plural nouns that don’t follow the rules. Sometimes you don’t simply add s or es to make a noun plural. Instead, you may have to change the spelling, add a different suffix, or leave it alone. • Examples: child becomes children, mouse becomes mice, half becomes halves, sheep stays sheep

10. Pronouns • A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. • Example: John rode on John’s tractor. -OR- John rode on his tractor. • Common pronouns include: he, she, it, we, they, them, us, our, his, her, and I. • The noun that the pronoun refers to is called its antecedent.

11. A singular pronoun takes the place of a singular noun. • Example: The girl went to the store. She bought some milk. • A plural pronoun takes the place of a plural noun. • Example: The cats played with the yarn. I laughed at them.

12. Possessive pronouns are used to show that something or someone belongs to someone else. • Example: Frank’s hamburger had mustard on it. -OR- His hamburger had mustard on it.

13. Pronouns I and me • The pronoun I is used in the subject of a sentence. The pronoun me is used in the predicate of a sentence. • Kim and (I, me) walked to the deli. • Kim went to the deli with (I, me).

14. Personal pronouns refer to the person speaking (first person), the person spoken to (second person), or the person, place, or thing spoken about (third person). • Some first person examples include: I, me, my, us, we • Second person: you, your, yours • Third person: he, him, she, her, it, its, they, their

15. A demonstrative pronoun points out a specific person, place, or thing • Examples: this, that, these, those • Interrogative pronouns are those that ask questions. They do not have antecedents. • Examples: what, which, who, whom, whose

16. Indefinite pronouns refer to a person, place, or thing that is not specifically named • Examples: both, few, many all, any, more, some, none, everybody, anybody, something, someone

17. Verbs • A verb is a word that expresses action or a state of being. • An action verb tells what the subject of a sentence is doing. • Examples: jumped, walking, drinking, goes • Marla goes to the store.

18. A linking or being verb joins the subject and predicate of a sentence. • Examples: am, is, are, was, were • Matt was at the store.

19. To form the past tense of most verbs, add –ed • Example: jump becomes jumped • To form the present tense of most verbs, add –s • Example: speak-speaks

20. To form the future tense of most verbs, add the helping verb will before the main verb • Example: fix becomes will fix

21. Irregular verbs are a bit more difficult because to form the past tense, you don’t add –ed. The entire word will change. • Examples: eat-ate • Do-did • Think-thought • Know-knew

22. Adjectives • Adjectives modify or tell more about nouns or pronouns. • Examples: shiny spaceship • Green alien • Big eyes • Tiny hand • Beautiful planet

23. Positive adjectives are the original form of the word • Examples: old, good, interesting • Comparative adjectives compare two nouns or pronouns • Examples: older, better, more interesting

24. Superlative adjectives compare more than two nouns or pronouns • Examples: oldest, best, most interesting

25. adverbs • An adverb is a word that describes a verb. An adverb tells how, when, or where the verb happens. • Many adverbs that tell how end with the letters ly. • Example: Joan painted slowly. Slowly describes the action painted.

26. When you compare two actions, the adverb will often end with the letters er or est. • Example: Birds fly higher than insects. Higher describes the verb fly. • Airplanes fly highest of all. Highest describes the action fly.

27. Prepositions • Prepositions show a relationship between one person, place, or thing and another. • Example: You are sitting in a seat in the classroom. Your feet are on the floor. • The preposition in each sentence show where you are in relation to the seat and classroom and where your feet are in relation to the floor.

28. A prepositional phrase must begin with a preposition and end with a noun. • In the same sentence, Your feet are on the floor, the preposition is on and floor is the noun. The prepositional phrase is on the floor.

29. Conjunctions • Conjunctions join words, phrases, or clauses. • They are often used to combine simple sentences to make compound sentences. • The three most common conjunctions are: and, but, or.

30. Interjections • Interjections are feeling words. They show emotion in a sentence. • Interjections are always separated from the rest of the sentence using a comma or exclamation point. • Examples: Ouch! That really hurt. • Oh, are you okay?

31. Subject-verb agreement • The subject of a sentence must agree with the verb. • Examples: Ben reads a book. • Ben and Sam read a book. • How would we complete this sentence? • Billy (want, wants) to buy a new skateboard.

32. Run-ons and fragments • A sentence that is not complete is called a fragment. • Example: Fell in the lake! • A sentence that has more that one complete thought is called a run-on. • Example: He dribbled down the floor his foot slipped on a wet spot.

33. Fragments and run-ons • Which of the following sentences is complete, a fragment, or a run-on? • Burned out of control. • Jerry crossed the finish line one-tenth of a second ahead of Johnathan. • My shoelace caught in the escalator I didn’t know what to do.

34. Subject and predicate • All complete sentences must have both a subject and a predicate. • The subject is what the sentence is about. • Example: My closet has lots of clothes in it. • The predicate shows what the subject is doing or being. • Example: A buzzing bee looked for nectar in the flower.

35. Subject and predicate • The simple subject of a sentence is just the noun or pronoun in the subject. • The simple predicate of a sentence is just the verb in the predicate. • What is the simple subject and simple predicate in this sentence? • My notebook is filled with stories that I wrote.

36. Four kinds of sentences • Each type of sentence has a certain job. • A declarative sentence is a basic statement. • Example: Seven silly snails crawled along the sidewalk. • An imperative sentence makes a command or demand. • Example: Close the door. • These types of sentences both end with a period (.).

37. Four kinds of sentences • An exclamatory sentence shows emotion and uses an exclamation point. • Example: How big the monster’s teeth are! • An interrogative sentence asks a question. • Example: Did Susie leave for school yet?