Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

1. Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters ECE 494 Design ReviewChris HallJosh ConverseJimmy Simmons UA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

2. Presentation Outline • Project Background • Project Specifications • Potential Solutions • System Design • General System Diagram • Sampling Nodes • Base Node / Back-End Server • RF communications • Software Flow Diagrams • Network Information Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

3. Presentation Outline (Continued) • Testing and Validation • Communications • Enclosure/Power • Sensors • Software • Project Impact • Societal • Environmental • Health and Safety • Ethical Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

4. Presentation Outline (Continued) • Administrative Details • Future Concerns • Schedule • Budget • Conclusion • Q & A Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

5. Project Background Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

6. Problem Statement The client desires to collect water quality data at a remote location with collection points spread throughout the site Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

7. Solution Statement The design team will design, implement, test, and deploy an end-to-end solution to remotely collect multiple water quality parameters and present them to the client in an easy-to-use fashion. Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

8. Project Specifications Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

9. Project Specifications • Must use client’s existing equipment • Hydrolab MS5 Sondes (Sensor Packages) • MaxStream XStream 900MHz Radio Modems • Sampling Node Measurements • Temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen • Local images (Tentative) Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

10. Project Specifications (Continued) • Wireless communication meets all FCC standards • Sampling node batteries must support at least 5 days of autonomy • Operating Temperature: -5 to 50° C Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

11. PotentialSolutions Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

12. Node Options • Sampling Node • Connect wireless modem and sensor • General purpose computer • Microcontroller • Balance power, processing speed, scalability • Base Node • Microcontroller • General purpose computer • Balance processing speed, programming ease Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

13. Node Options (Continued) • Node to base communications • Infrared Communication, Wifi • RF Communication • Power consumption, range, line-of-sight • Enclosure • Custom Designed • Turnkey Solution (SunWize) • Power • Transmission Line, Battery, Solar • Battery/Solar Combination (SunWize) Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

14. Back-End Server • Back-End Server • General Purpose Computer • Speed, storage, programming ease • Communications with base node • Cellular, Satellite, Dial-up ISP, Broadband • Phone line modem (Direct connection) • Cost, availability, quality of service Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

15. SystemDesign Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

16. General System Diagram Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

17. Theory of Operation • Sampling node collects water quality data • Data transmitted wirelessly to base node • Base node aggregates data on-site • Aggregate data sent to back-end server on request • Data archived indefinitely on back-end server • Data and system control functions made available to the user through a web interface Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

18. Sampling Node: Processing • Technological Arts Adapt9S12XDP512 • Freescale MC9S12XDP512 Processor • 16 MHz Crystal, 40 MHz clock speed via PLL • 4K EEPROM, 32K RAM, 512K Flash Memory • 6 SCI Ports, 2 of which are RS232 • 2 8-channel 10-bit analog-to-digital converters • 3.25” x 2.3” x .5” • CAN, SPI, I2C Interfaces • Breadboard Module: 3.25” x 2.3” x .5” • 100 mA current draw Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

19. Sampling Node: Data Acquisition • Hydrolab MS5 Water Quality Sonde • 4 Sensor Slots, 120,000 Measurement Data Logger • 29.5” Long, 1.75” Outer Diameter, 2.2 lbs • RS-232, RS-485, SDI-12 Interface • 200 mA current draw • Hach Environmental Sensors • Dissolved Oxygen: • Range: 0 to 20 mg/L • Resolution: 0.01 mg/L • Error: ± 0.1 mg/L (< 8mg/L), ± 0.2 mg/L (> 8mg/L) Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

20. Sampling Node: Data Acquisition • pH • Range: 0 to 14 pH units • Accuracy: ± 0.2 units • Resolution: 0.01 units • Temperature • Range: -5 to 50°C • Accuracy: ± 0.10°C • Resolution: 0.01°C Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

21. Sampling Node: Data Acquisition • Turbidity • Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) • Range: 0-3000 NTU • Error: • 1% (< 100 NTU), • 3% (100-400 NTU), • 5% (400-3000 NTU) • Resolution: • 0.1 NTU (0-400 NTU) • 1 NTU for >400 NTU Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

22. Sampling Node: Communications • MaxStream XStream RF Modem • 2.75” x 5.5” x 1.125”, 7.1 oz • 900MHz (ISM Band) • RS-232 Serial Interface (19,200 bps) • Static RF transmit rate (20,000 bps) • 70 mA receiving, 170 mA sending, 6 mA standby • 100mW TX Power, -107 dBm sensitivity (~10 pW) • Half-wave 2.1 dB dipole antenna Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

23. Sampling Node: Power • SunWize Power Ready (PR040-12-079) • 12 V system, 40W Solar Panel, 79 Ah battery • Enclosure: 17” x 16” x 9.5”, 12 lbs • Solar Array: 38” x 17” x 1.3”, 12.5 lbs • Customized system controller • Surge protection • Temperature compensation • Overcharge protection Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

24. Sampling Node: Current Needs Off-Peak Peak Microcontroller 100 mA 100 mA RF modem 70mA 170 mA Sensor sonde 0 mA 200 mA Total 170 mA 470 mA Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

25. Sampling Node: Battery Calculations Current draw (Peak): 470 mA Current draw (Off-Peak): 170 mA Peak duty cycle: 5% Capacity/day 4.44 Ah Days of autonomy: 5 Discharge cycle: 50% Temperature multiplier: 1.3 Total capacity required: 57.72 Ah Chosen battery capacity: 79 Ah Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

26. Sampling Node: Solar Calculations Average capacity / day: 4.44 Ah Sun-hrs / day: 3.5 h/day Total Amperage required: 1.27 A System Voltage: 12 VDC Total Power Required: 15.22 W Chosen Solar Panel: 40 W Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

27. Obtaining Sun Hours Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

28. Sampling Node: Battery Information • Concorde SunXtender Battery (PVX-690T) • 10.22” x 6.60” x 8.93”, 51 lbs • 12V, 79 Ah @ 120 h, 69 Ah @ 24 h • Protection Features • Sealed, valve-regulated batteries • Temperature rating -40ºF to 160ºF • Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) design • UL Certified Component • DOT HMR49 Compliant Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

29. Sampling Node: Structure • Permafloat Float Drum • 2’ x 3’ x 12” (6 cubic feet) • Float up to 335 lbs • High-endurance polyethylene shell • Filled with expanded polystyrene • One piece molding process • “Redneck Factor” Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

30. Sampling Node: Diagram Solar Panel RF Antenna Battery/Electronics Bracing Structure Floating Structure Sensor Sonde

31. Base Node & Back-End Server • Dell OptiPlex GX400 • 1.8 GHz, 1.0 GB RAM • Slackware Linux 11 • Custom 2.6.20 Kernel • MySQL 5 • Apache HTTP Server Version 2 • Apache Tomcat connector to interface with Java • U.S. Robotics 56K Performance Pro Modem • 33.6 kbps, low-level communication handled by OS • Programmed in Java and Perl Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

32. Sampling Node Software Flow Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

33. Base Node Software Flow Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

34. Back-End Server Software Flow Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

35. Communications: Modbus Protocol • Open, royalty-free data exchange protocol • Request composed of functions (read, write) • Functions operate on “published” slave registers • Master/Slave architecture • 16-bit CRC • Designed for serial communications • Simple, register-based reads and writes Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

36. Web Interface Details • Data section • Tabular listing of recorded data • Detailed values for running 30 day period • Monthly average values beyond 30 days • Sortable by date, time, and values • Control section • System diagnostic information • Buttons to take a reading on demand • Fields to change system variables • Sampling threshold, data lifetime, etc Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

37. Testing AndValidation Plan Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

38. Testing and Validation Plan Hardware: • Communications • RF Transmission integrity • On site point-to-point connections established • 99% reliability • Phone line communications • Connection quality & speed • Establish dial-up connection and pass test data Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

39. Testing and Validation Plan • Power systems • Battery life tests • Load testing • Voltage regulation tests • Enclosure • Weatherproofing • Leak & Temperature tests • Sensor elements • Calibration • Controlled environment tests Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

40. Testing and Validation Plan Software: • Sampling node code • Base node code • Back-end server code • Unit testing & Integrated System analysis • Multiple test vectors • Boundary conditions • Load testing Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

41. Project Impact Considerations Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

42. Societal and Environmental Impact • No new technology (Integration task) • Research and experience in areas of environmental monitoring • Deploying in a fishing club • Economic, personal, and environmental impact • Introducing foreign objects to aquatic habitat • Must ensure that no components harm the immediate environment • Normal & Abnormal functioning Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

43. Health and Safety • Concerns • Hazards during time of deployment and maintenance • Risk of injury to tampering individuals • Chemical, electrical, and boating hazards • Precautions • Extreme caution will be taken during install • Reflectors, LED Lights for boaters • Sealed enclosure • Sampling nodes will utilize warning labels to deter unauthorized personnel from interacting with unit Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

44. Ethical Considerations • System design will be property of the client • Software will be released under the GPL v2 • Designers will follow reasonable and prudent engineering practices Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

45. AdministrativeDetails Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

46. Planning Ahead • Power systems have been sized to allow the installation of additional equipment • Software is capable of supporting additional sampling nodes • Designers will provide full documentation on the system to accommodate easy expansion and maintenance Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

47. Project Schedule Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

48. Budget Information Extended Unit Cost Quantity Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

49. Conclusion • Josh Converse, Chris Hall, Jimmy Simmons • End-to-end water quality monitoring system • Sampling & Base nodes, Back-end server • Temperature, pH, Turbidity, DO • Information provided via web based interface Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters

50. Questions? Remote Acquisition of Water Quality Parameters