Presentation Transcript

1. BSBWHS201A – Contribute to health and safety of self and others
2. Working safely
3. Working safely involves: following safety procedures checking systems and equipment.
4. Occupational health and safety(OHS) is concerned with the health and safety of people in the workplace. Since all working environments involve some degree of risk, it is important that you understand your obligations and how you can contribute to the health and safety of your workplace.
5. Organisations in Australia are required by law to provide a safe and healthy workplace for their employees, customers, visitors and the community. Employees have a responsibility to: cooperate with OHS representatives report any hazards report any job-related injury or illness understand and exercise their rights under OHS wear personal protective clothing and equipment.
6. Workplace risk is the chance of something occurring that will result in injury or damage. Workplace hazards are those things in a workplace that pose a risk to employees. They include anything that is a source, or potential source, of human injury, ill health or disease.
7. Hazards that office workers may be exposed to include anything that is a source of: potential harm in terms of human injury or ill health damage to property damage to the environment a combination of these.
8. Some general sources of potential harm may include: cramped working conditions extreme temperatures inefficient fire and emergency procedures lifting heavy loads overwork or interpersonal issues poor lighting poorly designed workstations.
9. In a medical setting, some sources of potential harm may include: blood breakage/spillage hold-ups needle stick injuries medical emergencies spread of infection potential sources of infection.
10. Following workplace policies and procedures helps prevent, minimise and manage workplace risks and hazards. Organisations design workplace policies and procedures to ensure they comply with OHS legislation. OHS legislation is different in each state and territory. There is also a Commonwealth Act relating to OHS.
11. OHS Acts describe the legal requirements for ensuring workplaces are safe and healthy, including: identifying, assessing, eliminating or controlling risks to health and safety promoting and maintaining the health, safety and welfare of people at work protecting people at work from injury and illness protecting the health and safety of the public in workplaces consulting workers and encouraging participation in maintaining workplace health and safety providing rehabilitation and maximum recovery for injured workers.
12. OHS regulations establish specific requirements, duties and procedures that apply to specific areas of work. Regulations exist in each state. Some apply to all workplaces, while others apply to specific industries.
13. OHS codes of practice provide practical advice to organisations, employers and workers in specific industries to help them meet their obligations. They are developed through a consultation process that may involve industry representatives, employers, workers, professional associations and relevant government agencies.
14. A workplace policy describes the overall approach the organisation has adopted toward a particular aspect of its operation.
15. A workplace procedure is a set of instructions that an employee must follow to complete a task effectively and/or safely, in a way that maximises efficiency. Procedures manuals are collections of workplace procedures. They may be available in printed or electronic form.
16. The OHS policy describes: the organisation’s responsibility for the safety and health of its employees the goals and objectives regarding OHS general guidelines related to health and safety in the workplace.
17. OHS policies and procedures will usually include important information about: the selection, use and storage of PPE personal presentation standard safety precautions safe handling of chemicals, poisons and dangerous materials emergency and fire drills housekeeping implementation of hazard identification and control systems manual handling staff development and training programs waste management OHS personnel and emergency contact numbers the location of first aid equipment.
18. Guidelines on personal presentation are developed to help organisations appear professional and also to comply with relevant regulations. Employees in retail, health and hospitality need to appear clean, neat and tidy, but they also need to avoid risking contamination.
19. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is clothing and equipment designed to protect workers from direct exposure to blood, body fluids, potentially infectious materials and other harmful agents in the work environment. PPE is used only when the equipment or process has a risk that cannot be eliminated or reduced by other methods.
20. PPE may include: overalls safety boots safety gloves safety helmets and other head gear safety masks and goggles respirators ear muffs.
21. Standard precautions are work practices related to infection control. They include good hygiene practices, such as washing and drying hands before and after patient contact in a medical environment.
22. Material safety data sheets (MSDS) explain the correct storage, care and handling of chemicals and hazardous substances. Manufacturers of these substances are required by law to provide MSDS to their customers. Employees should: receive training about how to use the information on the MSDS know where to access the MSDS for substances they may use in their work follow the instructions on the MSDS report any missing or out of date MSDS.
23. Induction training is the training you receive when you start with a new organisation. It should include basic information about the organisation, your conditions of employment, and basic information about OHS. The OHS information might include: duty of care – of the employer and the employee fire and emergency procedures first aid facilities general work instructions, including use of PPE health and safety policy and procedures OHS committee and health and safety officers OHS training programs that are available in the workplace risk management.
24. Duty of care describes the legal obligation that individuals and organisations have to anticipate possible causes of injury and illness that may exist in a work environment or as a result of their actions. A person or organisation must do everything they possibly can to remove or minimise the possible cause of harm.
25. Employer duty of care in regard to employees requires them to: provide reasonably competent staff to manage and supervise the business provide sufficient numbers of staff to carry out the work safely provide and maintain a safe working environment and equipment provide information, instruction, training and supervision so employees can perform their role safely implement a program to ensure all employees understand their responsibilities for OHS.
26. Employee duty of care applies to customers, visitors to the workplace and members of the public. It may involve: being careful and looking after personal safety cooperating with employer’s efforts to comply with OHS responsibilities ensuring customers and visitors are aware of any special OHS requirements following all safety regulations and procedures in the workplace never putting the safety of colleagues and others at risk reporting hazards, incidents and injuries taking care not to interfere with health and safety equipment wearing PPE as required.
27. Regular checks of technology and equipment help ensure that they are in correct working order and do not comprise a risk to health and safety. Some checks that might be performed in an office environment include: Seating: positioned in front of the computer with comfortable keyboard access Computer monitor: positioned out of direct sunlight Dust: regularly clean equipment of dust to avoid damage Cables: secured so they do not present a trip hazard Sunlight: use blinds and window coverings to reduce glare and heat Temperature: maintain a temperature below 26℃ and humidity levels between 40% and 60%
28. Maintenance and safety checks should be performed according to schedule. Details of these checks should be recorded including: model and serial number of equipment date of servicing reason for the service request maintenance performed and a description of the parts that were used.
29. Workplace policies and procedures should detail how to clean, start and operate machinery. Employees operating machinery should receive training to operate equipment correctly and understand what PPE is required.
30. Implementing safety requirements
31. Implementing safety requirements involves: reporting OHS queries and concerns identifying, recording and reporting hazards controlling risks reporting emergency incidents and injuries.
32. Ask questions whenever you are unsure about any element of OHS. You should also report any concerns. Refer questions or concerns to: supervisors specialised OHS personnel.
33. Some additional sources of information about workplace health and safety include: health and safety representatives more experienced colleagues the organisation’s policy manual the organisation’s procedures manuals training manuals workplace health and safety officers.
34. Reporting concerns to supervisors is an important part of employee responsibilities. Concerns may relate to: incorrect use of PPE damaged or missing safety signs poorly maintained equipment poorly kept records missing stocks and supplies standard precautions not being followed sterilisation and storage procedures not being followed correctly missing MSDS.
35. Depending on the size and structure of the organisation, specialised OHS personnel may include: OHS representatives health and safety officers.
36. OHS representatives may be elected under some states’ legislation by employees to promote their interests in relation to OHS. They may be elected for each department. The role of an OHS representative may include: investigating incidents formally identifying hazards accompanying government safety inspectors on inspections in the workplace participating in OHS consultation representing employees in meetings with management.
37. Health and safety officers are employed by the organisation as specialists to manage health and safety matters. They are generally employed by large organisations or those businesses whose operations involve very serious health and safety risks. They will have expert knowledge of the relevant legislation, regulations, codes of practice, equipment and work systems.
38. Health and safety officers may be able to assist a work team by: analysing incident reports helping prepare standard operating procedures conducting safety audits coordinating fire and other emergency responses coordinating OHS training inspecting plant, equipment, processes and working methods investigating incidents providing advice on safety matters to supervisors and other management providing information to employees providing specialist advice to the OHS committee.
39. A risk is the likelihood of a hazard resulting in an injury or disease, together with the seriousness of the injury or disease. An OHS policy should include a systematic approach aimed at eliminating or minimising workplace hazards. Hazards may arise from: employee behaviour equipment and substances used in the workplace inappropriate or ineffective management systems and procedures poor work practices the work environment poorly trained employees poorly maintained equipment.
40. There are five types of hazard: Biological Chemical Mechanical and/or electrical Physical Psychological
41. Report any new hazards to your supervisor and OHS representative. New hazards may arise from changes to technology, equipment or personnel. Identifying hazards is everyone’s responsibility. There may be formal procedures for identifying hazards, such as developing a hazard identification plan, or informal procedures, based on observation in the workplace.
42. A hazard identification plan may include formal processes such as: analysing injury and illness records analysing work processes collecting information on trends and development in workplace health and safety consulting with OHS representatives and committee members contacting supervisors in similar workplaces gathering feedback from employees investigating workplace incidents and near-miss reports performing inspections or safety audits reviewing the potential impact of new work practices or equipment.
43. Hazard identification may occur informally based on: observation consultation with team members and colleagues safety checklists completed as part of daily routines customer feedback implementing daily work practices.
44. A workplace inspection aims to identify health and safety hazards before they cause harm. It is usually performed with assistance from the OHS representative or health and safety officer. It may include: inspecting the existing and known hazards inspecting the work processes or operations making unannounced inspections inspecting new processes or equipment to assess hazards inspecting work practices or equipment after concerns are raised making follow-up inspections after processes have been changed.
45. Before completing a workplace inspection, be aware of the factors that control the workplace, including: human skills work spaces work schedules equipment work processes.
46. Use a checklist to record information during an inspection. This may include: hazards identified actions taken at the time of the inspection allocation of responsibilities for future action to be taken timeframes for actions to be taken.
47. When performing a workplace inspection, you should: observe employees carrying out their work engage employees in discussion or consultation about OHS issues.
48. An inspection may pay particular attention to: manual-handling hazards housekeeping plant and machinery working at height chemical hazards electrical safety fire safety first aid provisions work practices.
49. Risk assessment involves: identifying and classifying hazards working out the chance of injury or damage occurring as a result of the hazard working out the likely degree of seriousness of the injury or damage finding the most appropriate method for managing that risk documenting the risk assessment communicating the control measures for the risk.
50. Depending on the risk, it may be appropriate to: control it eliminate it. Risk control is the process of determining the best way to control risks. Wherever possible, hazards should be eliminated, rather than controlled.
51. A hierarchy of controls is a series of measures that should be applied in sequence. These measures include: eliminating the hazard from the workplace substituting or modifying the hazard isolating the hazard controlling the hazard at its source using administrative controls using personal protective equipment (PPE).
52. Eliminating a risk may require assistance, or may be done personally. Examples include: replacing damaged electrical cords replacing damaged furniture or equipment moving trip hazards moving files stored on a high shelf so that they are accessible replacing a manual-lifting task by using a hoist encouraging training about lifting to help employees avoid back strain.
53. If there is an immediate risk to health and safety, take immediate action to protect employees and others in the work environment. Actions which may follow a risk assessment include: analysing existing work practices to find ways of making them safer arranging fire or emergency response training and drills coordinating workplace health and safety training counselling employees about unsafe work practices investigating an incident maintaining or modifying plant and equipment preparing or revising standard operating procedures or procedures manuals purchasing equipment.
54. Signs and symbols are used to warn people that a hazard exists. They should be clear enough so that people can understand them regardless of their literacy levels.
55. Employees must report any hazards, near-miss incidents and injuries that occur in the workplace. Incident reports aim to ensure compliance with policies, procedures and regulations relating to the reporting, investigation and correction of incidents. Incident reports: are required under OHS legislation are required for insurance purposes provide information about what kinds of incidents are occurring provide information about the causes of incidents help identify hazards.
56. An OHS incident is any accident or event that occurs in the workplace, which involves: dangerous occurrences that could have, but didn’t injure any person disabling injuries exposure to hazardous substances or circumstances minor injuries occupational illnesses serious equipment, plant or property damage uncontrolled fire and explosions any other serious incident that could put employees, visitors, contractors or customers at risk.
57. Incident reports will be required for: near-miss incidents damage to plant or equipment minor injury major injury work-related travel injury.
58. A near-miss incident is one where a person just avoids being injured. A work-related travel injury occurs while a worker is travelling to or from work.
59. Serious injuries or incidents must be reported to the relevant OHS authority. These incidents include: injury that results in death of an employee fracture of the skull, spine or pelvis loss of limbs loss of sight injury resulting in a likely absence from work of 10 or more working days.
60. If a hazard, emergency or incident occurs, the immediate priority is to take action to prevent further injury, which may include: barricading the area contacting security, the fire warden or a health and safety officer telephoning emergency services administering first aid or medical treatment if appropriate.
61. After taking preventative steps, you should: report the incident verbally follow up with an incident report.
62. Participating in OHS processes
63. Participating in OHS processes involves: contributing to meetings, inspections and consulting activities raising OHS issues taking action to eliminate hazards and risks.
64. Consultation is a process where employers work with employees to gather information, share ideas and give feedback about OHS matters. Employers are required by OHS legislation and regulations to consult with employees.
65. Employees will be consulted about OHS issues such as: changes to policies, work practices and procedures changes to premises, plant or substances used at work conducting workplace risk assessments incorporating new health and safety requirements imposed by legislation, regulations and codes of practice making decisions about the adequacy of facilities for the health and safety of workers making decisions about the organisation’s consultative procedures reviews of policies, procedures and work practices risk control.
66. Some of the different methods used to consult with employees include: electing OHS representatives and providing them with reasonable access to employees during working hours involving employees in workplace inspections seeking comment from employees during inspections involving employees in risk assessment seeking comment from employees during risk assessment ensuring that OHS is included on the agenda for team meetings forming an OHS committee and providing them with reasonable access to employees during working hours.
67. Consultation can be a very effective tool for managing workplace health and safety. Employees can apply their first-hand knowledge of processes and equipment to identify hazards.
68. Team meetings are a useful forum for consult with team members about OHS issues. Your supervisor may: report on recent workplace incidents report on production time lost to workplace injuries report on new practices to improve workplace health and safety ask team members to raise OHS issues, particularly any hazards provide employees with a copy of the minutes of recent OHS committee meetings.
69. OHS legislation may require that a committee be formed: in organisations that employ more than a certain number of people where the majority of employees request that an OHS committee be formed.
70. OHS committees are comprised of: members who are appointed by management employee representatives who have been elected by employees.
71. OHS committees contribute to health and safety in a workplace by: discussing identified OHS problems consulting with workers and making recommendations aimed at improving health and safety in the workplace monitoring and reporting on OHS performance.
72. To report OHS issues: Identify the appropriate person Explain the issue clearly Refer to any evidence you may have Make a suggestion about how to resolve the issue Follow up with a formal notification
73. A hazardorriskregister records details of any OHS issues that have been raised. It may be updated by individual employees or by designated employees.
74. After an OHS issue is reported, the person who receives the report will: take any action they can to resolve the issue refer the issue to more a experienced or specialised employee address the issue at an OHS committee or senior management meeting provide feedback to the reporting employee.
75. The hierarchy of controls for managing OHS risks requires managing risks by: eliminating the hazard substituting or modifying the hazard isolating the hazard controlling the hazard using administrative controls introducing PPE.
76. Eliminating hazards may be done by: substituting the hazard with a hazard that poses a lower risk of harm isolating the hazard from the person at risk minimising the risk by engineering means using administrative means to minimise the risk using PPE eliminating tripping or slipping hazards.
77. Actions that help control OHS risks in the workplace include: keeping the work area clean and well presented following procedures with stock that requires special handling storing chemicals appropriately managing and disposing of waste appropriately using correct manual-handling procedures managing noise pollution appropriately preventing slips, trips and falls preventing social and psychological hazards.
78. Housekeeping means keeping work areas clean and well presented. It can help reduce risk by removing trip and slip hazards, ensure that tools are securely stored and also reflects the work done in an organisation. Follow organisational procedures for housekeeping and use the recommended cleaning products and PPE.
79. Some stock requires special handling, such as medical products or flammable goods. Be familiar with the dangerous goods classifications and follow organisational procedures for handling this stock.
80. Chemicals that are stored and used in the workplace present a range of hazards. They may be: poisonous flammable explosive an oxidising agent a sensitising agent or corrosive a combination of these properties.
81. Examples of common chemical hazards held in an office environment include: industrial cleaners used by cleaning staff printer or copy-machine cartridges glass and surface cleaners antibacterial soaps furniture polish.
82. Follow organisational procedures to store chemicals. These should include: following the MSDS guidelines not storing chemicals in food containers not storing chemicals on the ground, unless in a lockable cupboard keeping chemicals separate from other items displaying first aid instructions in the storage area storing flammables away from sources of heat.
83. A biohazard is any organism, or material of biological origin, that causes harm to humans, plants, animals or the environment. Organisations that use biohazards must: follow labelling guidelines to warn workers of possible biohazards develop procedures for handling and storing biohazards dispose of biohazards appropriately.
84. Manual handling is any work-related physical task or activity, effort or movement such as lifting heavy boxes, or holding, lowering, pushing or restraining and object or load. Injuries caused by manual handling include: hernia neck and back injury occupational overuse syndrome slips, falls and crush incidents strained heart muscles strains and sprains.
85. Activities that reduce the risk of injury from manual handling include: lightening loads by breaking them into smaller quantities reducing bending, twisting and reaching movements using a manual-handling aid following instructions on safe manual-handling methods warming up before working and taking regular breaks reporting any manual-handling situations that may cause injury.
86. Noise pollution in an office environment may be excess noise from machines, other equipment or background building noise. It may be that machines, equipment or background building noise contribute to noise pollution, or that the office layout creates a distracting level of noise. Notify your supervisor or OHS specialist if noise levels represent a risk to health and safety.
87. Hazards which may cause a slip, trip or fall include: uneven and slippery floors items left in walkways cords or cables on the floor.
88. Social and psychological hazards include those that affect employees’ emotional, psychological and/or social wellbeing. Stress is a common example of a social and psychological hazard that may be caused by: lack of variety in work tasks lack of independence insufficient feedback from supervisors and managers poor ability to interact with people harassment and bulling not enough personal satisfaction in the work not enough training opportunities being overworked or not having enough to do.
89. Bullying is behaviour that threatens, humiliates, victimises or undermines another person. Organisations have a responsibility to address bullying in their workplace. Effects of bullying include: stress, anxiety or tension feelings of social isolation at work loss of confidence and self-esteem loss or deterioration of personal relationships headaches, backaches, stomach cramps, depression deterioration of work performance.
90. If you experience bullying: Record any incidents in a diary, including date, time, and location Record details of the incident Retain any emails or electronic communications that are evidence of bullying Report the incident to your supervisor or OHS specialist
91. Following safety procedures
92. Following safety procedures involves: identifying and reporting emergency incidents following organisational procedures for responding to incidents.
93. Emergency incidents may involve employees or visitors to the organisation. Emergencies could include: acts of terrorism bomb threats environmental threats explosions fire hold-ups medical emergencies motor vehicle accidents natural disasters.
94. All employees are required to report all: accidents incidents activities outcomes related to safety in the workplace.
95. Organisations may rehearse how to respond to an emergency. Participating in drills helps employees to: identify emergency response personnel locate emergency exists identify the appropriate assembly point learn assembly procedures.
96. In an emergency situation, the first priority is to protect your personal safety and that of others around you. Next, report the emergency to the appropriate person or department. This may be the: communications officer emergency services fire warden and/or floor wardens first aid officers health and safety officer internal security staff OHS representative building owner-manager supervisor.
97. Record all emergency numbers in an easily accessible place. When reporting an emergency, you will need to know: a telephone number for the organisation the address of your workplace the nature of the emergency the nearest cross street to your workplace whether people are trapped or injured.
98. An organisation’s emergency manual describes what to do in an emergency. The objective of an emergency manual is to: describe emergency procedures describe fire-safety precautions guide those who are required to take action to protect lives and property during an emergency.
99. Induction training generally includes information on emergency procedures and the emergency manual. Speak to your supervisor if you have not received training or have any questions about emergency procedures.
100. An incident is any event that results in human injury or damage to property, or has the potential to cause injury or damage. Incidents may be the result of: careless staff faulty, incorrect or unstable equipment inappropriate work spaces incorrectly stored items lack of safety precautions lack of training lack of use of PPE obstructions over exits rushing to get a job done.
101. Incidents have consequences for the individuals involved, their families, colleagues, witnesses and the organisation. These consequences include: loss of work time financial costs and anxiety pain or suffering.
102. OHS policies and procedures and the organisation’s hazard control plan are important elements of incident prevention. Help prevent incidents by: following OHS policies and procedures completing regular checks and maintenance on equipment reporting irregular flooring that may cause slips, trips and falls cleaning any spills immediately using appropriate lighting for all tasks.
103. When responding to an incident: take immediate action to prevent further injury administer first aid (if you are qualified) get assistance report the incident.
104. Some common incident response procedures may relate to: evacuation bomb threat safety alarms service failure toxic or noxious fumes spills.
105. Evacuations aim to calmly and quietly remove people from the dangerous situation to a safer location. When evacuating a building: don’t run, or shout instructions at people try to speak calmly, clearly and quietly, and at close range to people avoid panicking as this increases the likelihood of injury.
106. A bomb threat may be received by telephone, in written format or as a suspect object. Keep a copy of a bomb threat checklist near your phone. All bomb threats should be treated as serious. If you receive a telephone bomb threat, record: details of speech, accent, delivery of message background noise exact wording of the threat gender and other details of the caller location of the device time of detonation.
107. Alarm systems provide an audible and/or visible warning of a problem. Never ignore an alarm. Be aware of all different signalling devices used in an organisation, and understand what they mean. Alarm systems may be designed to detect: equipment malfunction fire gas leaks intruders trapped people smoke theft of goods unauthorised entry or exit.
108. Service failure means that the supply of communications, electricity or water to the organisation is interrupted. Responses to a service failure may include: accessing provider details and notifying them of the failure advising team members and other workers of the failure providing progress updates to affected staff closing the affected area of the building.
109. If a spill is giving off toxic or noxious fumes: call emergency services on 000 and ask for the fire service notify the fire warden provide as much information as possible to emergency services contact open windows and doors to ventilate the area if instructed to do so, ask all people located in the area to evacuate assist with evacuation to the assembly area remain at the assembly area until advised by emergency services.
110. Spills may be chemicals, cleaning agents or body fluids. Follow organisational procedures and use appropriate PPE when cleaning up spills.