The Progressive Era

1. The Progressive Era Chapter 17 Section 1

2. The progressive movement was a series of reform efforts which aimed to return control of the gov’t to the people, restore economic opportunities, and correct social injustices.

3. Every progressive reform movement had at least one of the following goals:

4. 1. Protecting Social Welfare • Purpose of these reforms was to relieve urban problems • YMCA • Salvation Army • settlement houses • Jane Addams’s Hull House • Florence Kelley

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8. 2. Promoting Moral Reform • Some reformers felt that morality held the key to improving the lives of the poor • Prohibition • WCTU • “demon rum” • Anti-Saloon League (1895)

10. 3. Creating Economic Reform • Panic of 1893 causes some to question capitalism • many criticize laissez-faire policy • many workers embrace socialism • Eugene V. Debs • American Socialist Party (1900) • muckrakers • Ida Tarbell

12. 4. Fostering Efficiency • Some reformers tried to increase the efficiency of American society • scientific management • Ford assembly line (1913)

14. http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/playlists/exclusive-video#henry-ford-and-the-model-thttp://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/playlists/exclusive-video#henry-ford-and-the-model-t

15. 5. Reforming Government • Natural disasters lead to local government reform • Galveston, TX (1900) • Dayton, OH (1913) • Council-managers and commissions take over the jobs of the city council • Robert La Follette (WI) led the way in regulating big business

18. 6. Protecting Workers • Movement to end child labor successful at state level • Reformers are successful in limiting the workday to 10 hours for women • Soon afterward, men’s workday also limited to 10 hours

23. 7. Reforming Elections • In some cases, ordinary citizens, rather than legislators or governors, won state reforms • initiative, referendum, recall • Wisconsin first state to use the direct primary • paved the way for the 17th Amendment, which calls for the direct election of senators (1913)

24. The progressive movement came to an end when the US entered World War I in 1917.

25. Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal Chapter 17, Section 3

26. The Life of Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt • 1858: born into wealthy family in New York • Served 3 terms in the New York State Assembly • Became New York City’s police commissioner • Became assistant secretary of the US Navy

28. Life of Teddy (cont’d) • Teddy grabbed national attention during the war with Spain in 1898 (we will discuss this further in Ch. 18) • Returned a hero and became Governor of New York • Chosen as William McKinley’s vice president

30. Life of Teddy (cont’d) • Became President in 1901 after McKinley is assassinated • he is 42, the youngest ever to be president • As president, Teddy’s leadership and publicity campaigns help create the modern presidency

31. Life of Teddy (cont’d) • Teddy used his dynamic personality and popularity to advance his programs (“bully pulpit”) • Teddy saw to it that the common people received what he called a Square Deal, a term used to describe the various progressive reforms of his presidency

34. Life of Teddy (cont’d) • Teddy used the power of the federal gov’t to break up the “bad” trusts that caused a “restraint of trade” • Teddy set the precedent of the federal government sending a commission to negotiate labor disputes (Coal Miner’s Strike of 1902) • Teddy regulated Big Business, especially the railroads

37. Life of Teddy (cont’d) • Teddy was a celebrated conservationist, setting aside federal lands that could not be developed • True to his pledge not to seek re-election in 1908, Teddy picked William Howard Taft as his successor, who won the election • Teddy goes to Africa to hunt big game

38. Life of Teddy (cont’d) • Returns to US to run once again for president, this time as a 3rd party candidate (the Progressive or Bull Moose Party) • A split in the Republican Party allowed Woodrow Wilson (Dem.) to win the election of 1912 • Teddy retreats from public life and dies in his sleep in 1919

41. Progressivism Under Taft Chapter 17, Section 4

43. Taft continued many of Roosevelt’s progressive policies, but because of his dull personality, was often criticized. • During Teddy’s 7 years in office, he busted 44 trusts. During Taft’s 4 years in office, he busted 90 trusts.

45. Taft gave in to the “old” guard that resisted many progressive programs. • One such issue was tariff reduction, a favorite cause of the progressives because tariffs helped big business and hurt consumers. • Taft’s failure to reduce the tariff angered many in his own party.

46. It was during Taft’s administration that the 16th Amendment was passed, which permitted the imposition of a graduated income tax. • The 16th Amendment was not ratified until 1913, during Wilson’s administration.

48. Wilson’s New Freedom Chapter 17, Section 5

49. Woodrow Wilson was raised in the South during the Civil War and Reconstruction. • Before becoming president, he was President of Princeton University and the governor of New Jersey.